Abstract
Flavonoids are one of the main groups of polyphenols found in natural products. Traditional flavonoid extraction techniques are being replaced by advanced techniques to reduce energy and solvent consumption, increase efficiency and selectivity, to meet increased market demand and environmental regulations. Advanced technologies, such as microwaves, ultrasound, pressurized liquids, supercritical fluids, and electric fields, are alternatives currently being used. These modern techniques are generally faster, more environmentally friendly, and with higher automation levels compared to conventional extraction techniques. This review will discuss the different methods available for flavonoid extraction from natural sources and the main parameters involved (temperature, solvent, sample quantity, extraction time, among others). Recent trends and their industrial importance are also discussed in detail, providing insight into their potential. Thus, this paper seeks to review the innovations of compound extraction techniques, presenting in each of them their advantages and disadvantages, trying to offer a broader scope in the understanding of flavonoid extraction from different plant matrices.
Highlights
Flavonoids are a class of natural phenolic compounds synthesized in plants as bioactive secondary metabolites (Nabavi et al, 2018) that are responsible for the characteristics of flavor, color, and pharmacological activities (Scarano et al, 2018)
The most appropriate extraction technique depends on plant matrices and the type of compost, and defined selection criteria should be followed
Recent studies have shown that green extraction methods offer excellent alternatives to traditional methods
Summary
Flavonoids are a class of natural phenolic compounds synthesized in plants as bioactive secondary metabolites (Nabavi et al, 2018) that are responsible for the characteristics of flavor, color, and pharmacological activities (Scarano et al, 2018). There are other important aspects associated with extraction time, including the amount and type of solvent used, the amount and characteristics of the sample (protein content for example), temperature, flow rate (in dynamic extractions), ultrasound intensity and frequency, potential degradation of target compounds, among others, making this one of the most challenging techniques to be optimized.
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