Abstract
A 6 degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) sensor, measuring three components of translational acceleration and three components of rotation rate, provides the full history of motion it is exposed to. In Earth sciences 6DoF sensors have shown great potential in exploring the interior of our planet and its seismic sources. In space sciences, apart from navigation, 6DoF sensors are, up to now, only rarely used to answer scientific questions. As a first step of establishing 6DoF motion sensing deeper into space sciences, this article describes novel scientific approaches based on 6DoF motion sensing with substantial potential for constraining the interior structure of planetary objects and asteroids. Therefore we estimate 6DoF-signal levels that originate from lander–surface interactions during landing and touchdown, from a body’s rotational dynamics as well as from seismic ground motions. We discuss these signals for an exemplary set of target bodies including Dimorphos, Phobos, Europa, the Earth’s Moon and Mars and compare those to self-noise levels of state-of-the-art sensors.
Highlights
How did our solar system evolve? Are there habitable worlds among recently discovered extra-solar planets? Where, and in which form, does life exist outside our Earth? These are key questions that planetary scientists try to answer
These approaches include the concept of 6 degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) seismology, the direct observation of a planetary object’s rotational dynamics and its tides, as well as the inertial observation of the full landing trajectory including rebounds and touchdown of a free falling lander
Within the project PIONEERS (Planetary Instruments based on Optical technologies for an iNnovative European Exploration using Rotational Seismology), an international collaboration develops 6DoF motion sensors dedicated to space sciences targeting the mentioned applications
Summary
Felix Bernauer1* , Raphael F. Garcia2, Naomi Murdoch2, Veronique Dehant3, David Sollberger4, Cedric Schmelzbach4, Simon Stähler4, Joachim Wassermann1, Heiner Igel1, Alexandre Cadu2, David Mimoun2, Birgit Ritter3, Valerio Filice3, Özgür Karatekin3, Luigi Ferraioli4, Johan O. A. Robertsson4, Domenico Giardini4, Guillaume Lecamp5, Frederic Guattari5, Jean‐Jacques Bonnefois5 and Sebastien de Raucourt6
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