Exploring biological activity and In-vitro anticancer effects of a new biomaterial derived from Schiff base isolated from Homarus americanus (Lobster) shell waste

Abstract

In this study, chitin, a valuable biopolymer material, was extracted from lobster (Homarus americanus) shell waste using a chemical method. Afterward, the biopolymer was added to a mixture of the precursor (β-diketone and acidhydrazide) and monochloroacetic acid to prepare the biomaterial/hydrazone-based O-carboxymethyl chitosan Schiff base compounds. The prepared biomaterials were studied for potential biological applications, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, wound healing, cytotoxicity, phosphate inhibition, and anticancer studies. The inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme was recorded using UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Wound healing studies of biopolymer materials and their derivatives were studied to RAW 264.7 (murine monocyte / macrophage) cells by scratch wound healing analysis. Additionally, using MTT analysis the in-vitro, anticancer efficacies (cell viability/cell proliferation/cytotoxicity) were conducted for SK-MEL-28 (human melanoma cells), MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer cells), and the U87 (human glioma brain cells). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for SK-MEL-28 cells had 0.71 μg/mL at 24 h, and was a potent activity as compared to U-87 (35.98 μg/mL) and MDA-MB-231 (18.31 μg/mL) cells. The water-soluble / swelling nature of prepared biomaterials is utilized in the bio-ink formulation by the incorporation of the biopolymers such as cellulose, sodium alginate, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, and laponite RDS for potential biomedical applications.