Abstract
In cold regions, the deformation characteristics and long‐term mechanical properties of rocks under low‐temperature conditions are considerably different from those in other regions. To study the deformation characteristics and long‐term mechanical properties of rocks in a low‐temperature environment and the effect of different temperatures, we perform a multilevel loading‐unloading uniaxial creep test on red sandstone samples and obtain the creep curves at different temperatures (20°C, −10°C, and −20°C). The results demonstrate that the total strain at each temperature can be divided into instantaneous and creep strains; the instantaneous strain includes instantaneous elastic and plastic strains, and the creep strain includes viscoelastic and viscoplastic strains. Temperature has a significant effect on the deformation properties of red sandstone. A decrease in temperature reduces the instantaneous and creep deformations of the rocks at all levels of stress. In addition, a decrease in temperature exponentially attenuates the total creep and viscoplastic strains of the rocks. 0°C is a critical point for the reduction of the total creep and viscoplastic strains of the rocks. When the temperature is greater than 0°C, the total creep and viscoplastic strains of the rocks decrease rapidly and linearly with decrease in temperature; however, when the temperature is less than 0°C, the decrease in the total creep and viscoplastic strains of the rocks is slow. The steady‐state creep rate of the rock samples decreases with decrease in temperature, whereas the creep duration increases with decrease in temperature, especially in the case of the accelerated creep stage. The accelerated creep durations of the rock samples S4 (20°C) and S7 (–10°C) are 0.07 h and 0.23 h, respectively.
Highlights
Rocks, natural substances formed by a geological process, are one of the most common substances on the surface of the earth [1]
Specimen Preparation. e red sandstone specimens in this study were collected from the Dafosi Coal Mine that is located in the midwest Binchang mining area, Jurassic Coalfield, Huanglong, Shaanxi Province. e rock formations are primarily weak medium-fine sandstones with large thickness. e rock samples were cut into standard cylindrical specimens (Figure 1) with a length and diameter of 100 mm and 50 mm, respectively
Temperature has a significant effect on the deformation properties of red sandstone. e instantaneous strain and creep strain are significantly reduced by low temperatures
Summary
Natural substances formed by a geological process, are one of the most common substances on the surface of the earth [1]. Inada and Yokota [2] conducted uniaxial compression and tensile tests on granite and andesite under different temperatures in the range of − 160°C to 20°C, and they studied the influence of temperature changes on strength of rocks. E results revealed that rock strength increases with decrease in temperature. Aoki et al [3] performed uniaxial compression and tensile tests on granite and rhyolite under different temperatures in the range of − 160°C to 15°C, and they reported that the elastic modulus of rocks increases with decrease in temperature. Yamabe and Neaupanek [4] tested basic physical properties of rocks such as the compressive strength and elastic modulus under low-temperature conditions. Jiang et al [5] conducted uniaxial compression tests on saturated sandstone under different temperatures in the range of − 30°C to − 5°C to study the effects of low temperature on the frost heave mechanism and the mechanical
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