Experimental study of the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of a colloid nanosized selenium solution

Abstract

Oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance of free radical oxidation (FRO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) is one of the main pathogenetic processes underlying the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and its complications. The purpose of the study was to reveal the ability of a colloidal nanosized selenium solution to correct the indices of FRO and AOD in rats when modeling alloxan DM1. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats divided into groups: intact, control (healthy rats treated with selenium); DM1; DM1 treated with selenium. DM1 was simulated by intraperitoneal injection of an alloxan solution at a dose of 170 mg/kg. A solution of selenium was administered intragastrically to diabetic and control rats at a dose of 46.7 μg/kg three times a week (12 injections). A colloidal solution of nanosized selenium was obtained by laser ablation using radiation of two wavelengths. In blood plasma were determined: the content of glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde; activity of aminotransferases (AST, ALT), α-amylase, alkaline phosphatase; in whole blood — the content of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); in hemolysate of erythrocytes — the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase. Results and discussion. Modeling of alloxan diabetes mellitus is accompanied by the development of hyperglycemia and changes in biochemical parameters indicating damage to liver cells (ALT), kidneys (urea, creatinine), myocardium (AST), and the development of oxidative stress (accumulation of malondialdehyde), partially compensated by SOD activation. The antidiabetic effect of selenium solution is manifested in the correction of glucose and HbA1c levels, liver and kidney profile indicators. The antioxidant effect of selenium is manifested in the normalization of the level of malondialdehyde and in reducing the need for reduced glutathione. The administration of selenium to healthy animals is accompanied by an increase in indicators reflecting the stressful effect of intragastric administration procedures (glucose, SOD) and, possibly, the toxic effect of selenium nanoparticles, which requires a more detailed study. Conclusion. A colloidal solution of nanosized selenium, obtained by an original method, had an antioxidant and antidiabetic effect on rats with type 1 alloxan diabetes mellitus.