Abstract
The use of biofuel is one method for limiting the harmful impact of diesel engines on the environment. It is also a way of gradually becoming less dependent on the depleting petroleum resources. New resources for producing biodiesel are currently being sought. The authors produced esters from animal fat waste, obtaining a fuel that can power diesel engines and identifying a way to utilise unnecessary waste. The animal fat methyl ester (AME) was produced using a reactor constructed for non-industrial ester production. The aim underlying this paper was to determine whether a diesel engine can be fuelled with AME biodiesel and to test this fuel’s impact on exhaust gas composition and fuel consumption. Fuelling a Perkins 1104D-44TA engine with AME biodiesel led to a reduction in the smoke opacity of the exhaust gas as well as in carbohydrate, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide concentrations. The carbon dioxide concentrations were similar for biodiesel and diesel fuel. Slight increases in nitrogen oxides concentrations and brake-specific fuel consumption were found for AMEs. An engine can be fuelled with AME biodiesel, but it is necessary to improve its low-temperature properties.
Highlights
In the literature, many important reasons justifying the need to use biofuels are mentioned [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
The testing of the operating indicators for the Perkins 1104D-44TA engine fuelled with animal fat methyl ester (AME) biodiesel and conventional diesel fuel (DF) for comparison purposes was conducted under selected engine operating conditions
It is clear that the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) quantities are higher for AME biodiesel at each measurement point
Summary
Many important reasons justifying the need to use biofuels are mentioned [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. The most important ones are the need to limit greenhouse gas emissions, the depletion of fossil fuel resources, and the need to reduce dependence on states with fossil fuel resources. Plants have the ability to store solar energy in organic matter, to some degree. Vegetable biomass can be referred to as a primary biomass and is obtained when photosynthesis reacts with carbon dioxide and water using solar energy. Animal biomass can be referred to as a secondary biomass; it is easier and definitely more effective to use vegetable biomass
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