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Abstract
The primary objective of the research was to compare the viscosity parameters of the same viscosity grade engine oils, as declared by the manufacturers, to the actual laboratory measurements. The secondary objective was to briefly investigate (1) what kind of information oil manufacturers provide in the product data sheets of the studied oils, and (2) the potential savings resulting from the use of the energy efficient oils. The study material consisted of 42 selected synthetic engine oils that belong to the 5W-30 viscosity grade. Stabinger SVM 3001 viscometer was used to determine kinematic viscosity at −20 °C, 40 °C, 100 °C and 130 °C. The HTHS (high temperature high shear), CCS (cold cranking simulator), FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and GC (Gas Chromatography) measurements were also performed for the samples that had the lowest and the highest kinematic viscosity. Large differences (5–25%) between oil producers’ declarations and the results of laboratory tests were found. Although all of the engine oils tested met the 5W-30 grade standards, the high variability of viscosity measurements needs to be reported. The difference between the oil with the highest and the oil with the lowest kinematic viscosity at −20 °C was 11,804 mm2/s. The outlying temperature-related viscosity profiles were recovered using Mahalanobis distances which identified 16 out of 42 analyzed oil samples as atypical.
Highlights
A variety of chemical compositions and properties, a very large number of commercial types of products, a multitude of normative documents issued by various organizations, and a wide range of applications make the proper selection of lubricants for vehicles that are used by millions of people every day a challenging task [1,2,3]
With the beginning kinematic viscosity at 40 ◦ C, kinematic viscosity at 100 ◦ C and the viscosity index (VI) (Figures 1–3) are analyzed as they are among the information provided by the manufactures
The oil with the highest change of 44% had a value of VI = 170. These results show that the information on the viscosity index alone does not give complete information about the change in oil viscosity above 100 ◦ C
Summary
A variety of chemical compositions and properties, a very large number of commercial types of products, a multitude of normative documents issued by various organizations, and a wide range of applications make the proper selection of lubricants for vehicles that are used by millions of people every day a challenging task [1,2,3]. Engine oil should match the car model and a high quality lubricant should be able to efficiently remove contaminations from the engine parts and provide protection against corrosion and wear [6]. Such properties may be expected from fully synthetic engine oils. Oil producers respond to the growing demand by offering a wide range of oils, from flagship products based on the most advanced technologies and innovative solutions, down to the less technologically advanced ones. Faced with such a wide range of goods, consumers have a very complex buying decision to make
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