Abstract
Abstract This paper presents the results of research work on linear friction stir welding (FSW) of magnesium AZ31 and aluminum 2024 alloys. During the FSW process, forces exerted by a tool on joined materials were measured. The measurements of forces were taken in three directions, vertical (Z axis) and horizontal (X and Y axes) directions, using high-sensitive piezoelectric dynamometer. The force analysis was done for three stages of welding process: plunging, dwelling, and welding. Conclusions regarding the force reaction of materials to be welded were formulated. It was found that the first two stages of the process, plunging and dwelling, are very important for the correct welding. In the plunging stage, a tool exerts the greatest forces and unit pressures (at the Z direction) on joined materials; during the dwelling stage, thermal conditions of the process are established. The welding stage was divided into two substages: the initial unstable and the subsequent long-term stabilized one.
Highlights
Friction stir welding (FSW) process is one of the most important solid-state joining techniques, which has unlimited applications in many areas of industries, including automotive and aviation
This paper presents the results of research work on linear friction stir welding (FSW) of magnesium AZ31 and aluminum 2024 alloys
Forming force diagrams are a very extensive and important source of knowledge about the FSW welding process. Their variability during the welding process reflects all changes in mechanical properties of joined materials due to temperature changes generated during the process
Summary
Friction stir welding (FSW) process is one of the most important solid-state joining techniques, which has unlimited applications in many areas of industries, including automotive and aviation. Due to weight reduction (no additional connector), tightness, and high strength of the joint, FSW welding is an attractive joining technique in the aerospace industry for high-performance structural applications. In the first stage of the process, as a result of rotational movement of the tool and friction of its working surfaces with surfaces of joined materials, heat is released, which increases the temperature of joined materials. There are two primary functions of the tool: heating and forcing a material stirring to produce the joint As it was shown in the work of Heurtier et al [2], heat comes from three sources: from friction of a tool pin, from friction of a tool shoulder on a joined materials surface, and from plastic strain. Fixing table with sheet pieces was installed on a machine working plate by the Kistler dynamometer (Figure 2)
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