Abstract
Successful experiments on olfactory enrichment of clove oil in Russian zoos have been carried out. Olfactory enrichment with clove oil reduced or eliminated stereotypical behavior (pacing) in most Amur tigers, African lions, and some Canadian and Red wolves. The behavior of the Far Eastern leopard and the Snow leopard behavior has not changed significantly under the influence of clove essential oil. Olfactory enrichment of clove essential oil is more successful for young animals.
Highlights
Modern approaches to keeping animals in captivity require the creation of certain conditions that must meet the biological needs of wild species
The chief purpose of the investigation was to establish the effect of environmental enrichment with clove essential oil on the behavior of large predators in Russian zoos
After sensory enrichment with the cinnamon essential oil, the male lion from the Barnaul zoo experienced a reduction in the proportion of pathological behavior by almost half in the post-enrichment period compared with background observations
Summary
Modern approaches to keeping animals in captivity require the creation of certain conditions that must meet the biological needs of wild species. The fundamental impossibility of completely reproducing natural conditions sets a difficult task of organizing a complex artificial environment in captivity. The lack of aviary space, stress, a high level of predictability of the environment, the absence of incentives that trigger certain behavioral mechanisms, and many other factors that are unavoidable under artificial conditions, lead to the emergence of various behavioral pathologies. Stereotypical behavior is the most common behavioral pathology. Increasing interest is emerging regarding the evaluation of currently used enrichment techniques that are alleged to reduce stereotypic behaviors (Swaisgood, Shepherdson, 2005; Antonenko, Medvedeva, Panchuk, 2017). Single novel odorants recognition and noradrenergic mechanisms are crucial in mediating neural plasticity induced by olfactory enrichment (Veyrac et al, 2009). The third object of the experiments is to identify pathological forms of behavior
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