Abstract
Definitions According to the conclusions of the international conference in Frascati on research activities organised by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 1 a distinction must be made between scientific training and research activities: specialised and professional training in the physical, life, engineering or mathematical sciences at universities and scientific education received at scientific establishments are not to be classified as research. Information and technical documentation services, such as specialised science libraries, which can be separately defined and accounted for, are also excluded. Scientific information services which are an integral part of a research and development laboratory and cannot be separately accounted for are included in research and development estimates. All legal and administrative activities relating to patents, inventions, the testing and inspection of materials, and the various technical services integral to production are defined as non-scientific activities. Research and development activities include the construction and testing of prototypes and the initiation of experimental production in pilot plants. Development ceases with the conclusion of the experimental stage of production. Research in ,the field of social science and humanities is included in the statistics for research and development activities. The following definitions have been formulated from the above analysis and form the basis for this article:
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