Abstract
The contribution to the pair-distribution function from two types of quantum graph is investigated. These graphs have the exchange and collective characters, and are important in the elimination of a divergence and also in the evaluation of the effective mass. A microscopic justification of Landau-type approach with elementary excitations is given. The excitation spectrum and the structure factor are evaluated for a soft potential with a Lennard-Jones-type tail. With the potential parameters chosen so as to have the right sound velocity, and with the effective mass m* = 1.71m, a good agreement with experiments is achieved. The momentum dependence of m* and the appearance of a particlelike mode in addition to a phononlike mode in the excitation spectrum are discussed.
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