Abstract
Russian foreign policy demonstrates continuity and change. The Russian Federation has acted in several scenarios and, since 2000, with Vladimir Putin, its main objective has been to consolidate the status of the Russian Federation as a great power, in order to return to the glorious Soviet era. Maximising power and the pursuit of internal security are essential, because there is an international system in permanent anarchy. Putin’s third term was marked by the Ukraine crisis and the annexation of the Crimea, which contributed to a historical turning point in Russian foreign policy. Western sanctions due to the occupation of Crimea and military interference in eastern Ukraine have opened up a period of greater rivalry between Moscow and Washington, as well as the need for Russia to diversify its relations with emerging economies such as Iran and Turkey. This study finds out that Ankara and Tehran have a historical relationship with Moscow, despite some episodes and divergent positions that at certain moments have harmed relations. The issue of Syria, the fight against terrorism and violent extremism, agreements on oil and natural gas and relations with the Kurdish people are some of the key issues in the more or less friendly relations of the Kremlin with Ankara and Tehran. The state of Russian foreign policy and Russia’s relations with regional actors in the Middle East (Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and the Kurds) as well as the challenges Vladimir Putin’s Russia has to face in the region are addressed.
Highlights
O terceiro mandato de Putin, no qual este artigo sobretudo se foca, ficou marcado pela crise da Ucrânia e pela anexação da Crimeia, contribuiu para que a política externa russa sofresse um histórico ponto de viragem
Reflete-se sobre o estado da política externa russa e das relações da Rússia com os atores regionais do Médio Oriente (Irão, Turquia, Arábia Saudita e os Curdos) e que desafios são apresentados à Rússia de Vladimir Putin na região
Com a crise da Ucrânia e as suas consequências, salientam-se as alterações na política externa russa denotando um claro afastamento relativamente ao Ocidente e a busca de novos aliados e parceiros, maioritariamente no Médio Oriente e Norte de África, onde pudesse desafiar de modo mais efetivo o domínio ocidental e evitar o estancamento económico bem como a estabilidade do Regime
Summary
O terceiro mandato de Putin, no qual este artigo sobretudo se foca, ficou marcado pela crise da Ucrânia e pela anexação da Crimeia, contribuiu para que a política externa russa sofresse um histórico ponto de viragem. Reflete-se sobre o estado da política externa russa e das relações da Rússia com os atores regionais do Médio Oriente (Irão, Turquia, Arábia Saudita e os Curdos) e que desafios são apresentados à Rússia de Vladimir Putin na região.
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