Abstract
Evaporation of salt-water solutions is common in industrial processes and nature. Evaporation kinetics for multicomponent droplets have been investigated previously but most experimental systems have droplets contacting a solid substrate. Here, drying of acoustically levitated salt-water solutions is examined. The results show that the addition of NaCl to water raises the evaporation rate of water from the droplet. Since water evaporates from the surface of the droplet, the NaCl concentration is maximum there and reaches the solubility limit first yielding crystals at the droplet interface. The crystals fall to the base of the droplet forming a ‘cup’ within which the droplet sits and further evaporates. The experimental results are compared to theory which shows that the diameter versus time behaviour is matched for the pure water case but the NaCl solution cases require an enhanced water vapour-in-air diffusion coefficient to match the experimental data.
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