Evaluation Residual Compressive Strength of Tunnel Lining Concrete Structure after Fire Damage Based on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Shear-Wave Tomography

Abstract

In this study, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and ultrasonic shear-wave tomography are combined to measure the residual compressive strength (RCS) of small-scale lining concrete blocks and to detect inner defects in the lining structure. The characteristics of and variations in the RCS of test blocks after being exposed to elevated temperatures (200–800 °C) and constant heating times (2 h, 3 h, and 4 h) were studied. At 800 °C, the RCS values reduced by 64.4%, 69.2%, and 74.6% at heating times of 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the micro-phase analysis of the samples that had been exposed to high temperatures. The heating time and RCS as well as the SEM micro-structure relationship were compared. Finally, a tunnel lining slab sample was designed to simulate the post-fire damage inside the blocks. Additionally, shear-wave tomography with 32 probes was able to detect the ϕ10 mm void defects at a depth of 200 mm.