Evaluation of water absorption and solubility of digitally and conventionally produced temporary fixed materials

BACKGROUND: Pit and fissure sealants are materials that are often used for preventive maintenance, especially on occlusal surfaces of teeth that are susceptible to caries. All restoration materials that come into contact with water will experience 2 mechanisms, namely the absorption of water, which causes matrix swelling and increased mass and water solubility, namely the release of components from unreacted monomers and causing reduced mass. OBJECTIVE: Measure the value of water absorption and solubility of glass ionomer cement as a cover of the pit and fissure of the tooth. METHODS: 18 specimens of glass ionomer cement sealant material manipulated according to the manufacturer's instructions consisted of six specimens measuring 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness made for each immersion time. The specimen was put into a desiccator at 37°C for 22 hours and then put into another desiccator with a temperature of 23°C for 2 hours. The specimen was weighed with a precision scale of 0.1 mg. Measurements are carried out repeatedly until a constant mass is obtained (M1). Next, the specimen was put into 40 ml of aquabides and stored in a desiccator at 37°C for 1 day, 2 days and 7 days. At the end of each immersion time, the specimen was removed from aquabides, dried with suction paper and vibrated in the air for 15 seconds. Specimens are weighed to get M2. The specimens were reconditioned to the desiccator at 37°C for 22 hours and then put into another desiccator with a temperature of 23°C for 2 hours and this procedure was repeated one day later, then the mass was weighed repeatedly until a constant mass was obtained (M3). RESEARCH RESULTS: The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test shows that there is no significant difference in the average water absorption value and solubility of materials for immersion for 1 day, 2 days and 7 days. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The absorption rate of glass ionomer cement as a cover of dental pit & fissure decreased until the second day and increased until the seventh day, with an average absorption of water for 1 day immersion of 42.68mg/mm³, 2 days 40, 53mg/mm³ and 7 days 42.99mg/mm³. Solubility value in water of glass ionomer cement as a cover of dental pit & fissure decreased until the second day then increased until the seventh day, with an average solubility of material for immersion for 1 day at 41.46mg/mm³, 2 days 39.39mg/mm³ and 7 days 41,91mg/mm³. It was said that there was no significant difference in the value of water absorption and solubility of materials during the immersion period of 1, 2 and 7 days. It is recommended that in the application of glass ionomer cement as a cover of dental pits and fissures, please note in the provision of varnish or protector to reduce the occurrence of water absorption and solubility of the material. In addition, the pit and fissure of the tooth that has been covered should be controlled 3 months later to find out if the cover is still intact or has been damaged or loose. It is also recommended that there is further research to determine the value of water absorption and solubility of ingredients if soaked in artificial saliva for more than 7 days.

The influence of immersion period and liquid pH on water absorption capacity and solubility of the resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) raises the question of whether the critical pH of hydroxyapatite and fluoroapatite influences the water absorption capacity and solubility of enhanced resin-modified glass ionomer (ERMGI). Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of immersion periods and various pH levels of artificial saliva on the water absorption and solubility of RMGIC and ERMGI. Methods: Fifty-four disc-shaped specimens (15 mm x 1 mm) of enhanced RMGI (ACTIVATM BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE, Pulpdent, Watertown, MA, USA) and 54 disc-shaped specimens (15 mm x 1 mm) of RMGIC (Fuji II LC Capsules, GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan) were prepared. Both materials were divided into 9 groups based on artificial saliva pH (pH 7, pH 5.5, and pH 4.5) and immersion time (1, 7, and 14 days). Water absorption and solubility were measured based on ISO 4049: 2009. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA. Results: The results showed significant differences in water absorption and solubility value between RMGIC and enhanced RMGI for all the groups. Both materials showed increased water absorption and solubility when immersed in artificial saliva that exhibited a lower pH level and under higher immersion period. Conclusion: Lower pH levels and longer immersion time influence the water absorption and solubility of enhanced RMGI and RMGIC.

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to investigate the colour stability, water absorption, and solubility values of low viscosity bulk fill resin composites that do not require an additional layer in comparison with high viscosity and low viscosity bulk fill resin composites used as a base.MethodsIn the present study, four different bulk fill resin composites were used: Charisma Bulk Flow One (Kulzer), Estelite Bulk Fill Flowable (Tokuyama), X-tra Base (VOCO), Filtek One Bulk Fill (3M ESPE). The resin composites were prepared as disc-shaped samples with a diameter of 5 mm and a thickness of 4 mm, then polymerized using a LED light device (Elipar DeepCureS, 3M ESPE). The samples were kept in artificial saliva and coffee solution for 28 days to determine water absorption, solubility levels and ∆E values, with measurements taken on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Water absorption and solubility levels were calculated based on ISO4049:2009 specification, and mean colour change values were calculated based on CIEDE2000 formula. Repeated Measures ANOVA, along with post hoc Bonferroni, Tamhane, and Adjusted Bonferroni tests, were used for the statistical evaluation of the data (p < 0.05).ResultsAmong all composite groups at all time intervals, Charisma Bulk Flow One composite showed the highest water absorption, solubility, and discolouration values.ConclusionThe water absorption, solubility and discolouration values of the resin composites used in this study were affected by the amount of filler in the resin structure. The clinical applicability of low-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites that do not require an additional capping layer should be carefully reassessed.

The short-term effects of manual and interactive powered toothbrushes on the periodontal status of orthodontic patients: A randomized clinical trial

BackgroundWe investigated the bond strength, tensile strength, and water absorption properties of 4 widely used chairside silicone long-term denture soft lining materials and compared properties with those of heat-cured silicone material.Material/MethodsFour chairside materials (GC Reline Soft, Mucopren Soft, Sofreliner Soft, and Elite Soft Relining) and a heat-cured silicone material (Molloplast B) were investigated. For tensile and shear bond strength and tensile strength, samples were prepared according to the manufacturers’ instructions and the testing machine used. For water absorption, IOS 1567 was followed to prepare specimens. Bond strengths were measured using a Lloyd Instruments materials testing machine. Ten specimens for each test were prepared for each soft liner, except for water absorption and solubility tests, for which only 5 specimens were prepared. ANOVA, Bonferroni, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare values of materials and assess changes over time.ResultsThere was strong evidence of differences in the properties between materials. GC Reline Soft showed comparable tensile bond (1.4±0.6 MPa), shear bond (1.1±0.4 MPa), tensile strength (5.44±0.98), water absorption (0.92±0.2 μg/mm3), and solubility values (0.3±0.2 μg/mm3) to that of Molloplast B (1.4±0.4; 1.6±0.5; 4.53±0.9 MPa, 1.7±0.3, and 1.0±0.3 μg/mm3, respectively). The water solubility of Sofreliner Soft was significantly lower (1.5±0.8 μg/mm3) than that of Molloplast B.ConclusionsThere were significant differences between some properties of 4 chairside denture soft lining materials and that of Molloplast B, which had higher shear and tensile bond strength than chairside denture silicone soft lining materials but had the highest water solubility.

Along with population growth from year to year increase in positive correlation with housing needs. Various innovative building materials necessary to provide the public an opportunity to select materials according to their needs and abilities. One of the innovations that can be developed is the use of hollow concrete bricks as building material for walls using a different belt materials. In Indonesia, many local materials that can be used as building material for the mixed stacking hollow concrete blocks strapped him in particular materials. One of the alternative tie material can be used to reduce pamakaian Portland cement is fly ash. Innovations that can be done is making concrete hollow brick with limestone belt materials and fly ash, because the material can theoretically be bound material using the reaction mechanism pozolan-lime. Mixture composition variation between the fly ash, lime, and sand as the material collated hollow concrete blocks used in this study, respectively - are part (in weight units) 0:1:6; 0,5:1:6; 1:1:6 ; 1,3:1:6; 1,4:1:6; 1,5:1:6; 1,6:1:6; and 1,8:1:6. The parameters examined in this study include stacking the material characteristics of concrete hollow bricks, the sand gradation testing, the weight of sand, mud, sand content, conservation of sand grains, and the gradation of fly ash; strong press penyususun concrete brick mortar holes; strong press and the value of water absorption hollow concrete brick with limestone belt materials and fly ash. Hollow concrete brick testing performed three times, ie at the age of 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. From the research results collated material characteristics of concrete hollow bricks show that gradations of sand used in Badean in zone 1, ie coarse sand, the average density - average 2.567 for Badean sand, mud content of the average - Badean sand flat 2.08% for &lt;5% ,, conservation of grain using Na2SO4 for 5.03% &lt;12% and conservation of grains using MgSO4 for 6.30% &lt;10%. From the findings of conventional hollow concrete blocks with a mixture of composition 1 PC: 15 Ps for a strong test of hollow concrete brick press shows that a strong press for the optimum of 12.69 kg/cm2. And to strongly press the test hole with concrete blocks tied materials and lime fly ash showed that a strong press and the optimum occurs at the composition 1.4 Fa: 1 Kp: 6 Psr, which is 11.54 kg/cm2 at 14 days; 12.44 kg / cm2 at the age of 21 days, and 13.33 kg/cm2 at the age of 28 days. For the water absorption value of hollow concrete blocks shows that more and more pasta, then the value of water absorption decreased. Largest water absorption occurs in the variation of composition 0 Fa: 1 Kp: 6 Psr ie 5.13%, and the value of the smallest water absorption occurs at 1.8 composition variations Fa: 1 Kp: 6 Psr ie 0.05%.

This experimental study was focused on the application of a surface-modified hemp- hurds aggregate into composites using an alternative binder of MgO-cement. This paper presents the results of the comparative study of the parameters (chemical and physico-chemical modification, and hardening time) affecting the physical (density, thermal conductivity coefficient and water-absorption behavior) and mechanical properties (compressive strength) of the bio-aggregate-based composite. A test of the parameters of the bio-composite samples showed some differences, which were determined by the chemical and surface properties of the modified filler, and which affected the mechanisms of hardening. The bulk density values of the hemp hurd composites hardened for 28 days place this material in the lightweight category of composites. The values of water absorption and the thermal conductivity coefficient of bio-composites decreased, and the strength parameter increased with an increase in the hardening time. The lower values of compressive strength, water absorption, and thermal conductivity coefficient (except for the ethylenediaminetetraacetic-acid-treated filler) were observed in composites based on fillers chemically treated with NaOH and Ca(OH)2) compared to referential composites (based on original hemp hurds). This is related to changes in the chemical composition of hemp hurds after chemical modification. The composites with ultrasound-treated hemp hurds had the greatest strengths at each hardening time. This is related to pulping the bundles of fibers and forming a larger surface area for bonding in the matrix.

Effects of different oil additives on water resistance of corn starch straws

We evaluated the water absorption, solubility, and compressive strength of different cements and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs), namely Adhesor®, Ketac(™) Cem, Ortho Band Paste LC(™), Glass Ionomer Band Cement, and Transbond(™) Plus. Our aims were to compare the mechanical and physical properties of the cements widely used in orthodontics and to define the most suitable cements in an oral environment in terms of those characteristics. To assess compressive strength, the cements were subjected to compression tests done on a universal testing machine. To test water absorption and solubility, the weight changes in cement specimens were determined after immersion in distilled water for 1, 7, and 30 days. Adhesor® and Ketac(™) Cem presented significantly higher solubility values than other cements after water immersion for 1, 7, and 30 days (p < 0.001). Our results revealed that the traditional orthodontic cements have higher water solubility and water absorption values as well as lower compressive strength values than the RMGICs used in this study. Furthermore, Transbond(™) Plus revealed the highest compressive strength, whereas Adhesor® showed the lowest.

The aim of this study was to compare the performance of denture base materials produced by three-dimensional (3D) printing and conventional methods in terms of their mechanical durability and water absorption and solubility properties. Conventional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples (Meliodent, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) were prepared using the pressing technique. PowerResins (3BFAB Technology, Inc., Istanbul, Turkey) was used to produce the 3D printed denture base samples. The 3D printed samples were designed using Meshmixer software (Autodesk, Inc.) and printed on a DentaFab Sega 3D Printer (DentaFab, Istanbul, Turkey). Flexural and compressive strength and microhardness tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the samples. Water absorption and solubility tests were also performed. The flexural and compressive strength and microhardness values ​​of the 3D printed group were higher than those of the conventional group (p < 0.001). The mean water absorption value was lower in the 3D printed group compared to the conventional group, and the difference between these values ​​was statistically significant (p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference was noted between the groups in terms of water solubility ​​(p = 0.003). Our study shows that 3D printing can produce customized and high-precision prosthetic bases while also improving their physical and mechanical properties.

Heat-cured denture base resin is an important component in removable partial dentures and complete dentures, and has been widely used in the clinic. However, during long-term use, its appearance may be affected by varying degrees of color change, affecting the appearance and longevity of the dentures. In this study we examined the color changes and water absorption and solubility of dental base resins to investigate the color stability of four types of resin materials: New Century, Heraeus, Nissin and BASIS-HI. They were soaked in artificial saliva (as control), red wine, cola, coffee and tea separately at 37°C for 1, 4 or 12 weeks. Results are presented on which the color changes of dental base resin materials were associated with different denture base resins, soak solutions and storage times. We found that most of the dental resins became darker at prolonged immersion time. Heraeus resins showed more significant changes after soaking in red wine for 12 weeks, and its water absorption and solubility values were also greater than those of the other three types of resins. The color changes of New Century, Nissin and BASIS-HI soaked in the four solutions were relatively stable. The information obtained here will help optimize maintenance of dentures and also inform choice of denture materials.

Breakfast cereals are very popular, and globally their consumption is growing, thanks to continuous product innovation. The product was elaborated with a rice and maize grit, using the proportion of 40% rice grit and 45% of maize grit including additional functional ingredients. The sample formulation was processed in a single-screw extruder at AHZ Agro Industry Pvt Ltd from 2009 to 2010. The extrusion parameters were set at temperatures of 180°C to 200°C; mixture moisture during processing set at 20%; screw speed set at 180 rpm; feeding rate of 2033gm/minute and circular matrix of 3.5mm. The developed extrusion sample was filled with chocolate cream using injection nozzle. The formulated ingredients were manually collected, dried to a forced air circulation oven dryer. The result of extruded sample showed 6.41g /g water absorption, 44.50%water solubility, and 8.89 expansion values. The bulk density was 0.25 gm/cc and 1,087.44g of instrumental texture evaluation for the sample was obtained. The paste viscosity was 130 Cp at 45 °c was an important attribute to study the functional properties of sample. The aim of this work was to evaluate the operational technological aspects of extrusion ready to eat nutritious snacks obtained with a mix of rice grit, corn grit, cocoa powder and food grade additives, by the analyses of expansion value, water absorption, water solubility, bulk density, viscosity and sensory Proximate values of the extruded cookie byte was 2.5% moisture, 11.6 % fat, 8% protein, 75% carbohydrate 1.7% ash, 1.25% dietary fiber and 475mg Ca in percentile respectively. It can be concluded that the use of rice and maize grit to elaborate extruded cookie byte snacks with good technological properties

Background: Radiotherapy is a key treatment for head and neck cancers but often compromises oral health, partly through its impact on restorative materials. A specific concern is whether ionizing radiation alters the water absorption and solubility of fluoride-releasing restoratives, potentially affecting their durability. This study aimed to evaluate these properties following clinically relevant radiation exposure. Methods: Seven contemporary fluoride-releasing restorative materials (Fuji IX, Equia Forte HT, Fuji Triage, Activa Presto, Cention, Luminos, and Beautifil II) were tested (n = 10 per group). Specimens were either irradiated with 70 Gy in 35 fractions using a clinical linear accelerator or maintained as non-irradiated controls. Water absorption and solubility were measured over 35 days according to ISO 4049 protocols, and data were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: Across all materials, irradiated specimens exhibited slightly higher water absorption and solubility values compared to controls; however, differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Material-specific trends were observed, with Fuji IX, Fuji Triage, Beautifil II, and Equia Forte showing relatively higher absolute values. Conclusions: Clinically relevant ionizing radiation did not significantly affect the water absorption or solubility of the tested fluoride-releasing restorative materials, suggesting preserved physicochemical stability under therapeutic conditions.

A comparison of lateral fixation versus dual plating for simple bicondylar fractures

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the water absorption and water solubility of four different composte resin materials. Materials and methods: A total of 40 cylindrical discs were prepared and polymerised with light, as 10 from each group, each sample 2mm in depth and 8mm in diameter. The samples were kept for 24 hrs in a dessicator until a stable weight was reached. Then, the weight of each sample was measured on highly sensitive scales. To calculate the water absorption and solubility, measurements were made again with the sensitive scales at the end of 1, 7 and 30 days. The data obtained were evaluated with One-Way ANOVA variance analysis and the Friedman test. Results: As a result of the statistical analyses, significant differences were determined between the composite resins in respect of water absorption on days 7 and 30 and in respect of solubility on day 30 only. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the negative mechanical, physical and biological effects created by the water absorption and water solubility factors of restorative materials are important issues that should be taken into consideration.