Evaluation of the participation of mast cells in the process of osteogenesis of the rats tail vertebrate using a graft

Abstract

Injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system are the leading factor in disability worldwide and occupy an important place in medicine. Among bone injuries, pathologies of the spinal column take the second place. Often, fractures of the spinal column are accompanied by the destruction of the vertebral bodies. In such cases, the question of the selection of material to replace the bone defect is acute. It is known that immune cells influence the healing of tissues of the musculoskeletal system. Mast cells occupy a special place among immune cells. research is the study of the morphological and functional state of mast cells in the regeneration of the bone tissue of the tail vertebra of rats using a transplant based on agarose. The experiment involved 20 Wistar rats. Rats underwent surgery to remove the third tail vertebra, which in the experimental groups was replaced by an agarose implant. The experiment lasted 3 and 6 months, respectively, for different groups. At the end of the experiment, a histological assessment of the regeneration zone was carried out. Differences were found in the process of reparation. 3 and 6 months after the operation to remove the tail vertebra, the defect zone is partially replaced by bone tissue, the central zone of the regenerate is represented by fibromuscular fusion. The use of an agarose graft promotes the formation of bone tissue in comparison with the control at late stages of regeneration. The number of vessels initially increases, then, along with an increase in their cross-sectional area, their number decreases. Mast cells of the regeneration zone in the experimental groups are maximal at the beginning of the regenerative process, and then it decreases, which probably indicates a decrease in their regulatory contribution. The agarose graft causes an increase in the migration of mast cells to the regeneration zone, which in turn affects the permeability of blood vessels and the activation of microcirculation in general in the recovery zone, which is a favorable factor for the process of osteogenesis.