Evaluation of the Effects of Biodiesel on Emissions and Performance by Comparing the Results of the New European Drive Cycle and Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle

Tolgahan Kaya,Ozgur Taskiran,Osman Kutlar

doi:10.3390/en11102814

Tolgahan Kaya, Ozgur Taskiran + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102814

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Journal: Energies	Publication Date: Oct 18, 2018
Citations: 22	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Istanbul Technical University

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of biodiesel on performance and emission of the current and new-coming regulation cycles, namely the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC), were investigated by conducting tests on a passenger car, a Euro-5 Ford Fiesta, equipped with a 1.5-L diesel engine. In a two-axle chassis dynamometer test bed, NEDC and WLTC were performed with pure diesel and biodiesel-to-diesel blend (30% biodiesel, 70% diesel in volume). A substantial reduction in CO (34%, 55%), HC (33%, 40%), and particulate number (PN) (22%, 31%) emissions was observed respectively for both the NEDC and WLTC when biodiesel was used. Besides, it was found that the WLTC has higher load and velocity profile compared to the NEDC. Moreover, lower CO, HC, and PN emissions were observed with B30 fuel under WLTC compared to the NEDC. Nevertheless, slightly higher CO2 and substantially higher NOx emissions were observed for the WLTC compared to the NEDC.

Highlights

Alternative fuels are convenient substitutes for conventional fuels in the automotive industry which can reduce emission-based air pollution and dependency on the use of conventional fuels.Owing to the stringent emission regulations introduced by the European Union (EU), the use of biodiesels, an alternative fuel, has become quite popular over the last decade [1,2]
Results of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) experiments with B00 and B30 were grouped to be able to compare the effects of biodiesel on CO2, nitrogen oxide (NOx), HC, carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate number (PN) over both cycles
A Euro-5 capable passenger car with a 1.5 L diesel engine was instrumented to be tested under the NEDC and WLTC

Summary

Introduction

Owing to the stringent emission regulations introduced by the European Union (EU), the use of biodiesels, an alternative fuel, has become quite popular over the last decade [1,2]. The 2009/28/EC directive further encouraged the use of biodiesels by allowing the addition of up to 10% in volume of alternative fuels to conventional diesels. Biodiesels have considerable benefits compared to their conventional counterparts as they are renewable energy sources, biodegradable, and non-toxic [3]. Their higher cetane number results in a reduction in the ignition delay duration (IDD) compared to conventional diesels [4]. Despite the mentioned benefits of biodiesels, they have higher viscosity (than conventional diesels), which causes less atomization and lower energy content because of high oxygen by weight [6]

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