Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of three supplementary diets on the nutritional quality of marketable common carp. Supplementary diets (Carp1–maize, Carp2–extruded and Carp3–pelleted feed) exhibited significantly different (p≤0.05) influences on the protein, lipids, moisture and ash content in market-sized carp. The most abundant saturated FA (SFA) was palmitic acid (C16:0), the most predominant monounsaturated FA (MUFA) was oleic acid (C18:1n-9), and the most abundant polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) was linoleic acid (C18:2n-6). The highest content of SFAs was established in Carp1 (24.57% and 1888.72 mg/100 g wet fillet). MUFAs were presented in the highest quantities (61.77%, i.e. 4854.91 mg/100 g wet fillet) in Carp1, and PUFA accounted the highest quantities (33.48%, i.e. 1763.01 mg/100 g wet fillet) in Carp3. The most nutritionally beneficial n-6/n-3 ratio was obtained in Carp2 (5.83). The results obtained in this study indicate that introducing supplementary diets containing extruded or pelleted feed instead of maize improved carp nutritional quality. PCA (principal component analysis) and LDA (linear discriminant analysis) of the FAs demonstrated that carp could be reliably classified based on their supplementary feed.
Highlights
The lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition differ greatly within fish species depending on various conditions, including the type and availability of food and/or feed, the state of the ecosystem inhabited by the fish, the environmental conditions, season, and age (Kaçar et al, 2016; Ljubojevic et al, 2013a; Ivanovic et al, 2015)
Data we obtained in this study indicate that nutritional quality of common carp cultivated in commercial farms was, to a great extent, influenced by the composition of the applied supplementary diets
The PCA showed that the carp supplemented with the extruded or pelleted feed had greater linolenic, linoleic, and γ-linoleic (C18:3n–6) FA contents compared to the carp supplemented with maize
Summary
The lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition differ greatly within fish species depending on various conditions, including the type and availability of food and/or feed, the state of the ecosystem inhabited by the fish, the environmental conditions, season, and age (Kaçar et al, 2016; Ljubojevic et al, 2013a; Ivanovic et al, 2015). The growing demand for food in densely populated or less developed countries is partially satisfied through aquaculture with cyprinid fish species (Jeney & Jian, 2009). The dominant form of cyprinid production is the semi-intensive farming of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) where the diet of the fish is based primarily on a combination of natural food and supplementary feed (cereals, such as wheat, maize and barley) (Mráz et al, 2012). To improve the production and nutritional value of the carp over the last decade, cereals have been replaced by pelleted and extruded feed (Tkaczewska et al, 2014). Research into carp aquaculture became more focused on the evaluation of the supplemental feed type that is essential for increasing carp production (Ciric et al, 2015) and on nutritional quality of the fish under the influence of different food/feed type (Böhm et al, 2014)
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