Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata, GE) and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) enzyme-treated G. elata extract (EGE) against premature skin aging using ultraviolet B (UVB)-exposed normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs).Methods: The extract was characterized by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–QToF–MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1,3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) and procollagen type I was assayed using ELISA kits. Safety evaluation of EGE’s dietary administration and topical application was performed by in vivo acute oral toxicity and local lymph node tests.Results: Lower MMP-1 and IL-6 and higher procollagen type I and TGF-β1 levels were observed after treatment with EGE than with GE, indicating that EGE was more effective than GE in treating UVBinduced photoaging. With respect to phenolic composition, EGE had lower 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4- HBA) level and higher α-gastrodin level than GE. In UVB-irradiated NHDFs, α-gastrodin exhibited higher anti-aging activity than 4-HBA and β-gastrodin based on the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and procollagen type I. The in vivo data indicate that EGE was safe at concentrations of up to 2000 mg/kg for dietary administration and 0.1 % for topical application.Conclusion: EGE protects UVB-induced photoaged human skin better than GE owing to its higher α- gastrodin content. Thus, EGE may be potentially useful agent in anti-aging cosmetic products.Keywords: Gastrodia elata, α-Gastrodin, Anti-aging, CGTase, Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, Matrix metalloproteinase, Procollagen, Normal human dermal fibroblasts
Highlights
Gastrodia elata Blume (Tianma) is a perennial herb in the Orchidaceae family used since a long time in traditional Chinese medicine to treat headaches, dizziness, paralysis and epilepsy [1]
The concentrations of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, MMP-3, procollagen type I, IL-6, and TGF-β1 were determined in the cell culture supernatants after 72 h of sample treatment using ELISA kits according to the kit-specific instructions
Among the 5 different concentrations of ethanol used and the 3 different duration of extraction, the 50% ethanolic extract processed after 3 h was identified as the most efficient based on its highest content of 4-HBA
Summary
Gastrodia elata Blume (Tianma) is a perennial herb in the Orchidaceae family used since a long time in traditional Chinese medicine to treat headaches, dizziness, paralysis and epilepsy [1]. Phenolic compounds possess low toxicity, some plant extracts can irritate the skin by causing skin allergies Based on this hypothesis, we investigated the anti-aging effect of EGE in vitro and its oral and topical safety in vivo. The dried rhizomes of G. elata Blume (GE) were purchased from The Best Herb Company (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Normal cells were cultured in the same incubator conditions without UVB exposure or sample treatment. 1 mg/mL MTT was added into cell culture dishes after 72 h of treatment with UVB and samples. The concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-3, procollagen type I, IL-6, and TGF-β1 were determined in the cell culture supernatants after 72 h of sample treatment using ELISA kits according to the kit-specific instructions. Twenty-five female BALB/c mice (7-weeks-old; 17-20 g) were purchased from Central Lab. Animal Inc. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 for in vitro and in vivo data
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