Abstract
The present investigation was conducted to study yield, yield components and chemical composition of some flax genotypes (Sakha 3, 5 and 6, Giza 11, 12 and Strain 651). New flax strain 651 (S.651) recorded the highest value in technical length, while flax Giza 12 and 11 achieved the highest straw yields per plant and per hectare. Flax Giza 11 variety had the highest value of seed yield per hectare. With respect to chemical composition of flaxseed genotypes, flaxseed Sakha 5 variety had the lowest moisture content followed by Sakha 3, Sakha 6, Giza 12 and Giza 11. On the other hand, flaxseed S.651 genotype had the highest moisture and fiber contents. Flaxseed Sakha 5 had the highest oil content whereas; flaxseed Sakha 3 had the lowest oil content. Flaxseed Sakha 3 had the highest protein content followed by flaxseed S.651 and flaxseed Giza 12. Extracted oils from all genotypes had low values of physicochemical parameters. Main fatty acids of extracted flaxseed oil were linolenic, oleic, linoleic, stearic and palmitic fatty acids. Pasta was fortified with flaxseed at levels 5, 10 and 15% w w-1 to enhance the nutritional quality. Pasta samples were assessed for proximate analyses, minerals, cooking quality and sensory evaluation. Chemical composition of pasta fortified with flaxseed meal was reflective of the innate composition of flaxseed meal. There was no significant variance between control and flaxseed 5% in optimum cooking time. Sensory evaluation of pasta (control and flaxseed 5%) revealed no significant difference in terms of taste, color and overall acceptability
Highlights
Flax (Linum ustatissimum L.) is one of the well-known ancient crops grown for its fiber and oil
The new flax strain 651 (S. 651) achieved the highest value in technical length, but it achieved the lowest value in main stem diameter
It must be mentioned that the differences between the two flax varieties flax Giza11 and flax Giza 12 in relation to technical length, main stem diameter and straw yield plant-1 as well as per hectare did not reach the level of significance in both seasons
Summary
Flax (Linum ustatissimum L.) is one of the well-known ancient crops grown for its fiber and oil. Flax production dates back to ancient history where ancient Egyptians made fine linens from the fiber. Flax fiber is being blended with certain types of plastic resins to produce automotive components. Europe produces most of the high-quality long-fiber flax used for linens, rugs, and other textiles. Seeds from flax are crushed to produce linseed oil and linseed meal. The Egyptian production for flax fiber and flaxseed were 7525 and 10000 tons, respectively and the world production were 1085734 and 3068254 tons, respectively during season 2019. The area harvested in the world for flax fiber and flaxseed were 259424 and 3223531 hectare during season 2019 (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO], 2021)
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