Abstract
Crystalline barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles were synthesized by refluxing in an air atmosphere at a low temperature using sodium hydroxide. The reaction mechanism of BaTiO3 nanoparticle formation by this new liquid–solid–solution (LSS) synthesis route with refluxing in an air atmosphere at a low temperature of 80 °C was demonstrated to be a facile fabrication process for BaTiO3 nanoparticles with a high crystalline quality and minimized agglomeration rate. BaTiO3 nanoparticles were formed via sodium titanate (Na2TiO3), and the size of the BaTiO3 nanoparticles decreased with increasing sodium hydroxide concentration. The formation of a Na2TiO3 intermediate phase was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The capping ligands of BaTiO3 suggest that hydroxyl and oleic acid are present. The dielectric constant of the crystalline BaTiO3 nanoparticles was higher than 150.
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