Evaluation of macro and micronutrient elements content from soft drinks using principal component analysis and Kohonen self-organizing maps

Abstract

This study approaches the determination of nine elements from Brazilian carbonated soft drinks of several flavors and manufactures using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The concentrations of the elements varied as follows: (in µg L−1: Cu: 4.00–78.0; Fe: 74.0–506; Mn: 20.0–66.0; Zn: 104–584) and (in mg L−1: Ca: 4.81–16.2; K: 6.73–260; Na: 26.0–175; S: 1.43–5.41; P: 0.186–219). Principal component analysis has shown some tendencies to form two groups according to the drink flavor (orange and cola), but only cola presented a clear and complete separation. Using Kohonen maps, it was observed a tendency to form three flavor groups: (i) cola, (ii) orange and lemon, and (iii) guarana. However, this last tool proved to be more accurate in the groups’ formation.