Evaluation of highly efficient on-line yarn-in-tube solid phase extraction method for ultra-trace determination of chlorophenols in honey samples

Abstract

In this study a novel “yarn-in-tube” configuration was introduced by packing cotton yarn inside stainless steel cartridge named packed yarn-in-tube solid phase extraction (yarn-IT-SPE) followed by high performance liquid chromatography. For the first time, cotton yarns were coated with a new polypyrrole@copper-chromium-iron ternary layered double hydroxide nanocomposite (Yarn@PPy@Cu-Cr-Fe LDH). The yarn@PPy@Cu-Cr-Fe LDH sorbent exhibited flexible substrate, high porosity, a three-dimensional, high sorbent loading, long lifetime, good mechanical stability, high anion-exchange capacity and large specific surface area as a result it is a good choice for the separation and preconcentration of acidic cholorophenols in honey samples. Several important factors affecting extraction efficiency such as extraction and desorption times, pH of solution and flow rates of the sample solution and eluent were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.05–0.07 μg L−1. This method showed good linearity for chlorophenols in the range of 0.10–500 μg L−1, with coefficients of determination better than 0.9989. The inter- and intra-assay precisions (RSD%, n = 5) were in the range of 3.2–4.9% and 2.1–3.6% at three concentration levels of 2, 10 and 20 μg L−1, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied for analysis of 4-chloro-, 2,4-dichloro-, and 2,4,6-trichloro phenols in honey samples.