Abstract
The friction coefficients of ionic liquids were evaluated by many investigations. Most investigations used fluorine-based ionic liquids as lubricants. However, these ionic liquids produce the corrosion wear. This investigation focuses on the use of cyano-based ionic liquids as lubricants. Compared to fluorine-based ionic liquids, cyano-based ionic liquids exhibit high friction coefficients against steel material. This work examines how the friction coefficients of cyano-based ionic liquids are influenced by the type of sliding material used (AISI 52100, TiO2, and tetrahedral amorphous carbon). TiO2 lubricated with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide, and ta-C lubricated with 1-butyl-1methylpyrrolidinium tetracyanoborate exhibited very low friction coefficients, smaller than fluorine-based ionic liquids. Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry analysis showed that anions adsorb onto the worn surface, suggesting that anion adsorption is a critical parameter influencing friction coefficients. Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry measurements revealed that cations decompose on the nascent surface, preventing adsorption on the worn surface. These results suggest that low friction coefficients require the decomposition of cations and adsorption of anions. The reactivity of nascent surface changes with the sliding material used due to varying catalytic activity of the nascent surfaces.
Highlights
Since the industrial revolution in the 18th century, the advance of science and technology has been astonishing
AISI 52100, TiO2, and tetrahedral amorphous carbon were used as disk specimens to evaluate the effect of sliding materials on friction coefficients of cyano-based ionic liquids
The friction coefficients of cyano-based ionic liquids against AISI 52100, TiO2, and tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) were evaluated in vacuum condition
Summary
Since the industrial revolution in the 18th century, the advance of science and technology has been astonishing. Fluorine-based ionic liquids react to form a metallic fluoride on the sliding surface and exhibit a low friction coefficient [17,18,19,20]. To avoid fluorine’s corrosion issues, this investigation focuses on cyano-based ionic liquids, which are of the forming adsorption film type. These ionic liquids consist of hydrogen, borate, carbon, and nitrogen [24,25,26,27,28,29]. A few investigations indicated the possibility that changing the sliding conditions, such as sliding materials, normal load, and temperature, can achieve low friction coefficients [20,25,26,29] This investigation focused on the effect of the sliding materials on the friction coefficients and surface interactions of cyano-based ionic liquids. The reaction of cyano-based ionic liquids with sliding materials were analyzed via Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (Q-mass)
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