Abstract
Objective: Bacterial pigments have promising applications in food, cosmetics, textile, and therapeutics. Pigments from microbial origin are stable, safer, cost effective, easy production, and extraction and thus preferred over other natural sources. Under this backdrop, isolation and characterization of pigment-producing bacteria and analysis of bioactivity of the pigment were the aim of the study. From the literature studies, the pigment production was found to be influenced by various physical factors which directed the study toward optimization of physical parameters for pigment production.
 Methods: Isolation of pigment-producing bacteria from water sample, cultural, and microscopic identification was done as per the standard protocol. Extraction of pigment by solvent extraction was carried out and its antibacterial and cytotoxic activity was assayed.
 Results: Molecular characterization of the bacteria resembled the query sequence of the isolate to 99% with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Extraction of pigment by solvent extraction method resulted in crude pigment extract with antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (17 mm zone of inhibition) at 100 μg/ml concentration. Pigment showed dose-dependent inhibition on proliferation of HeLa cells at the concentration of 345.83 μg/mL.
 Conclusion: From the above results, it was evident that the pigment extracted from the bacterial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain JBT18N was therapeutically potential.
Highlights
Since a decade, there was a robust consumer call for more natural merchandise in therapeutics
Extraction of pigment by solvent extraction method resulted in crude pigment extract with antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (17 mm zone of inhibition) at 100 μg/ml concentration
From the above results, it was evident that the pigment extracted from the bacterial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain JBT18N was therapeutically potential
Summary
There was a robust consumer call for more natural merchandise in therapeutics. Numerous plants and microorganisms are known to produce natural colored compounds such as carotenoids, chlorophyll, and anthocyanins [8]. Microbial pigments prove to be advantageous and preferred choice for their applications in various fields [9]. This colorful microbial world has attracted many researchers to explore them for human applications as in textile industries, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food industries, and medical [10,11]. Microbial pigments (prodigiosin, astaxanthin, carotenoids, and violacein) are one such metabolites exhibiting multifacet role in medical due to their various biological activities such as antidiabetic, anti-aging, antioxidant, anticancer, and immunosuppressive agents [12]. Natural aquatic bodies serve as diverse bowl of versatile microbes which can be exploited for the production of various bioactive compounds [14,15,16]
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