Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Euphorbia helioscopia

K Waheed,U Izhar,S.K Muhammad,Z Muhammad,S Ullah,A Shomaila

doi:10.1590/s0100-83582020380100011

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Medicinal Plants have been used throughout the world by human beings as a drug and remedies for various diseases since time immemorial. A study was planned to count into the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Euphorbia helioscopia. The plants were gathered and tested against some standard strains and some human pathogenic microorganisms i.e Escherichia coli, Bacillus Subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and three fungal strain Trichoderma, R hizopus nigricans, Aspergillus niger. The concentrations of extracting samples (500 and 1,000 mg mL-1) were used against pathogens. Ciprofloxacin was used as positive control in case of bacterial strains and Colfrimazol was used against the fungal strain while dimethyl sulfoxide as negative control. The outcomes indicated that the positive wells potency of Water extract had a 36 mm diameter of zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and ethanol extract at 1,000 mg mL-1 had maximum (34 mm) zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilus (36 mm) zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumonia and 33 mm of zone of inhibition against Trichoderma harzianum. Likewise, water extract at a concentration of 1,000 mg mL-1 resulted highest value of zone of inhibition (36 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus, a zone of inhibition ( mm) against Salmonella typhi, 36 mm zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (32 mm) zone of inhibition against Rhizopus nigricans, a 34 mm zone of inhibition against Acremonium and (34 mm) zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis, while E. coli was the most resistant bacteria and showed zone of inhibition. The ethanolic extract had tannins, lipid, total proteins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, Alkaloid and polyphenolics.

Highlights

The awareness of medicinal plants has long been traced for many centuries in different medical organizations such as Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha
Plant of Euphorbia helioscopia was collected from University Campus Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during April 2016 and their taxonomic identification was taken from senior botanist of the institution
The analysis of results indicated that the highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) was recorded by water extract in positive well potency which is 36 mm against E. coli followed by (ZOI) against E. coli (34 mm) in well potency of 1,000 mg mL-1 which was similar with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) by ethanol solvent extract (34 mm) in positive wells potency (Table 1)

Summary

INTRODUCTION

The awareness of medicinal plants has long been traced for many centuries in different medical organizations such as Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. Documentation of indigenous medicinal knowledge of traditional plant species has contributed several vital modern drugs (Mahmood et al, 2013). The family Euphorbiaceae is a big family of flowering plants with 300 genera and about 7,500 species. Sun spurge, is an annual plant rising 10 to 50 cm high with erected reddish stem, oval alternate leaves and small yellow green flowers. It is an endemic flora of North Africa and most of the Europe and Asia. E. helioscopia is an important Chinese medicinal herb species in the family Euphorbiaceae. This work was planned to produce a protocol for callus induction from leaf of E. helioscopia and understand the origin of callus by histological analysis; to investigate the antibacterial activity of the ethanol and distilled water extracts of Euphorbia helioscopia against important bacterial species; To provides new scientific information about Euphorbia helioscopia based on the biological potential and phytochemical analysis that has never been covered before

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Procedure

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION