Evaluation of concrete with CBD: A comprehensive review

Abstract

In most of the countries the main consumer of energy and materials is considered to be the construction industry. To ensure future generation sustainability, numerous research works focused on the use of sustainable and renewable were done. At present, the energy crisis and global warming are major concerns and there is an urgent need to reduce the usage of cement because of the higher carbon dioxide footprint of the cement industry. This challenge can be addressed by partial replacement of cement with different pozzolanic materials like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), rice husk ash, dolomite, silica fume, and Clay Brick Dust (CBD). CBD is recycled waste material that is obtained from the demolishing of fired clay brick construction and from other usages requiring the fired bricks. The construction and demolition process produces a million tonnes of solid waste globally, and clay brick waste shares the major part of it. The pozzolanic properties of CBD give a significant role in the strength and durability of concrete. CBD does have more silicon and aluminium oxides, which promote the pozzolanic process. The usage of CBD in concrete will address the high cost and scarcity of cement. It also helps to balance the demand for construction due to the rise in population and the sustainability of the environment across the world. According to studies, using CBD in place of cement in concrete produces a variety of outcomes with variable CBD replacement percentages and fineness. Adding a suitable quantity of CBD to cementitious materials can improve their mechanical characteristics. However, if the amount of CBD in a cementitious material is too high, the mechanical characteristics of the material will deteriorate. According to available studies, the optimal percentage of CBD replacement in cement is between 10 and 15%. Hence, based on the ongoing research, this study summarizes the mechanical, and durability properties of the partially replaced cement concrete with CBD.