A comprehensive review of partial replacement of cement in concrete

Abstract

Cement is one of the largest used construction materials, the production of which releases large quantity of carbon di oxide. Reduction of cement in concrete will help to reduce carbon foot print and also environmental impact. With the advent of industrialization, large quantity of industrial waste is being produced all over the world. Disposal of these waste material causes environmental pollution and needs to be addressed. An extensive literature on partial replacement of cement with various industrial waste is studied and presented in this article. The partial replacement of cement by industrial waste such as Fly Ash (FA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Silica Fume (SF), and Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) is reviewed. Mechanical strength, strength gain with curing time and durability in concrete with cement being partially replaced by industrial waste materials were analyzed. The maximum replacement of cement by silica fume and sugar cane bagasse ash is 10 % and 15% respectively. Maximum replacement of cement by rice husk ash is 25%. Optimum level of replacement by GGBS and FA is up to 30%. From the test results of RCPT, Carbonation and Sorptivity, durability of concrete improves to a certain extent by partially replacing cement with FA, RHA, SF, GGBS. A slower rate of rise in carbonation depth with age is reported in concrete with partial replacement of cement by SCBA. Sorptivity steadily decreases with the increasing RHA, FA, and GGBS content, maximum at 25 percent, 40 percent, and 40 percent, respectively. This article provides an overview of the mechanical characteristics, durability research, and empirical relationships of concrete with various industrial waste products, including Fly Ash (FA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Silica Fume (SF), and Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA). a sentence more.On the basis of past research, a statistical relation was built by accounting for concrete grade, material type, and dosage.