Abstract
Carbon aerogel its fabrication and characterization and its uses in this process were studied for desalinating of saline and brackish water. The carbon aerogel manufacturing process involves the polymerization and pyrolysis of the mixture of resorcinol and formaldehyde. Carbon aerogels were analyzed using BET, BJH, and T-plot after construction. The effect of various parameters (including the influent salt concentration, the intensity of electric current flow, the distance between the electrodes and pH) on salt adsorption were studied. Analysis of BET/BJH shown that the surface of aerogel was 677.8 m2/g. much of porosity in the samples of carbon aerogel were between 1-2 nm, namely micro-pour and a similar level 0f 456 m2/gr is dedicated to micro-pour, with a correlation coefficient (r) equal to 94.5. According to the results, it seems that carbon aerogel electrodes have a good structure in desalination of brackish and saline water.
Highlights
Due to the growing world population and limited water resources, desalination of water has become more important
In 88% of the developing countries, where water scarcity affects half the world’s populations and their inability to access clean drinking water, in these countries 80-90% of all diseases and 30% of all deaths are caused by a lack of proper sanitation and poor water quality [2]
The process of making aerogels consists of two steps: 1. making a gel that the solvent has penetrated in it. 2Solvent removal by the method of special solubilisation processes
Summary
Due to the growing world population and limited water resources, desalination of water has become more important. The development of a desalination process that is more efficient and less costly than current methods is an essential requirement [1]. Iran is among the countries that are located in the arid and semi-arid region and has a low average annual rainfall, with heterogeneous and inappropriate temporal and spatial distribution. This potential of water reflect an increased risk of drought in some parts of the country, even in normal conditions, especially in the south and southeast, has created vast problems of water supply requirements. The problem evaporative processes (MSF and MED), in addition to high energy consumption, is high deposition and corrosion which is controlled only by a skilled operator [7]
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