Abstract
Simple SummarySalmonella is an important foodborne pathogen that represents a very critical threat to poultry industry worldwide. This study concerns an important aspect of human food and health problem by treating a common zoonotic bacterial disease in poultry industry. Owing to the increased resistance to antibiotics among Salmonella enterica serotypes, we aimed to explore the beneficial effects of different probiotics strains as alternative sources of protection against infection in broiler chickens. Three probiotic strains Lactobacillus (Lacticaseibacillus) casei ATTC334, Bifidobacterium breve JCM1192 and Bifidobacterium infantis BL2416) improved body weight gain and prevented the deleterious effects and mortality induced by Salmonella infection in chicks through different mechanisms, including competitive exclusion and the promotion of cytokines’ release.Chicken Salmonella enterica serovars are enteric bacteria associated with massive public health risks and economic losses. There is a widespread antimicrobial resistance among S. enterica serotypes, and innovative solutions to antibiotic resistance are needed. We aimed to use probiotics to reduce antibiotic resistance and identify the major probiotic players that modify the early interactions between S. enterica and host cells. One-day-old cobb broiler chicks were challenged with S. typhimurium after oral inoculation with different probiotic strains for 3 days. The adherence of different probiotic strains to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells was studied in vitro. Lactobacillus (Lacticaseibacillus) casei ATTC334 and Bifidobacterium breve JCM1192 strains attached to Caco-2 cells stronger than B. infantis BL2416. L. casei ATTC334 and B. breve JCM1192 reduced S. typhimurium recovery from the cecal tonsils by competitive exclusion mechanism. Although B. infantis BL2416 bound poorly to Caco-2 epithelial cells, it reduced S. typhimurium recovery and increased IFN-γ and TNF-α production. L. casei ATTC334, B. breve JCM1192 and B. infantis BL2416 improved body weight gain and the food conversion rate in S. typhimurium-infected broilers. B. longum Ncc2785 neither attached to epithelial cells nor induced IFN-γ and TNF-α release and consequently did not prevent S. typhimurium colonization in broiler chickens. In conclusion, probiotics prevented the intestinal colonization of S. typhimurium in infected chickens by competitive exclusion or cytokine production mechanisms.
Highlights
Salmonella is one of most important pathogenic bacteria implicated in foodborne bacterial outbreak throughout the world
Using previously established criteria to define adherence phenotypes [21], L. casei ATTC334, B. breve JCM1192 and B. nfantis BL2416 exhibited significant adherence, whereas B. longum Ncc2785 did not attach to Caco-2 cells (Figure 1)
The results indicated that each probiotic strain which has the ability to bind to Caco-2 epithelial cells in vitro was sufficient to cause a significant reduction in S. typhimurium colonization to cecal tonsils with L. casei ATTC334 and B. breve JCM1192 strains being the most effective (Table 3)
Summary
Salmonella is one of most important pathogenic bacteria implicated in foodborne bacterial outbreak throughout the world. In the last two decades, Salmonella represented the major causative agent of foodborne gastroenteritis [1,2]. S. typhimurium has been documented to be the major cause of avian salmonellosis in broiler chickens [3]. The levels of Salmonella infection in poultry in Egypt are amongst the highest in the world [4]. The outbreaks of human salmonellosis are originating from key food production animals. This food associated zoonosis is linked with a wide variety of foods of animal origin; the main source of human infection is poultry meat and eggs [5,6]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
