Abstract
The circular supply chain (CSC) incorporates a circular economy (CE) concept in the supply chain of an organization and offers novel opportunities for enhancing the sustainability of supply chain operations. However, CSC's adoption and implementation rates are low due to significant risks associated with it. The purpose of this research is to identify and rank the solutions to overcome risks in CSC implementation. The rankings will help the decision-makers focus on the best solutions and develop the appropriate strategies for effectively handling CSC-related risks. This research presents a novel hybrid framework using the Pythagorean fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (PF-AHP) and Pythagorean fuzzy VIKOR (PF-VIKOR) to rank solutions for mitigating the risks of CSC implementation. The PF-AHP is used to find the weights of CSC risks using pairwise comparisons amongst selected criteria, and PF-VIKOR is utilized to rank solutions for mitigating CSC risks. An empirical case study is conducted for an Indian manufacturing organization to demonstrate the proposed framework's effectiveness. Further, sensitivity analysis is performed to monitor the robustness of the obtained results. This research provides a structural, systematic, accurate, and useful decision support tool to practitioners, academicians, and policymakers who wish to effectively handle CSC risks to make CSC implementation successful.
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