Evaluation and characterisation of candidate prebiotics extracted from coconut husk by ultrasound-assisted extraction technique

Abstract

Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates containing between three to ten sugar moieties. Certain oligosaccharides such as inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides are known as prebiotics that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract. This study began by comparing the efficiency of two different solvents (distilled water and 10% w/v sodium hydroxide) in extracting oligosaccharides from the coconut husk by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Following that, the coconut husk extract (CHE) extract was subjected to a series of prebiotic evaluation tests. The findings indicated that a significantly high extraction yield (40.51 ± 6.00%) could be achieved with 10% w/v NaOH treatment. The in vitro enzymatic digestion study found that there was 43.70 ± 0.15% of hydrolysis at pH 8 after five hours of incubation. For the in vitro gastric juice digestion, 29.21 ± 0.71% of hydrolysis was recorded at pH 1 after four hours of incubation. The extract was able to stimulate the growth of selected beneficial bacterial strains. FTIR and NMR analysis of the CHE revealed that the extract has a similar structure to the well-known prebiotic inulin.