Abstract
Coagulation-flocculation is a physical-chemical process responsible for producing the largest amount of sludge in the purification of natural raw water. Conventionally, aluminum sulfate or alum has been used as a coagulant. However, disposal of the sludge produced has been problematic for the environment due to excess aluminum. Currently, the convenience of using natural coagulants such as seed extracts from Moringa oleifera (MO) is being studied, although, the properties of sewage sludge produced and its possible reuse are unknown. In this paper the physical-chemical, nutritional and dangerous characteristics from MO sludge were evaluated by using standard methods to verify its potential use in agricultural soils. Results indicated that pH, electrical conductivity, ion exchange capacity, organic matter and micronutrients from sludge were suitable for application to soils with agricultural potential; but deficiency of macronutrients and presence of fecal coliforms limits it to be used as soil improver and not as fertilizer. Sludge stabilization with hydrated lime at doses greater than or equal to 3 % was effective to ensure the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and to obtain a Class A sludge, unrestricted for agricultural use and suitable for acid soils.
Highlights
Raw water purification includes physical and chemical processes, such as sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation, filtration and disinfection
The purpose of this research is to conduct a physicochemical characterization of the sludge obtained from the purification of raw water from a surface stream, using Moringa oleifera seeds as a coagulant; and identify their potential use in agricultural soils vocation
In the samples treated with hydrated lime with dosages equal to or greater than 3 % there was no presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the Moringa oleifera (MO) sludge
Summary
Raw water purification includes physical and chemical processes, such as sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation, filtration and disinfection. Evaluation of coagulation sludge from raw water treated with Moringa Oleifera for agricultural use. It is possible to find numerous research studies on the use of sludge generated in wastewater treatment, but there are limited review articles on the use of alum sludge (Dassanayake et al, 2015) This sludge is considered as one of the best adsorbents for the removal of contaminants from wastewater, in particular, for a wide range of heavy metals (Gibbons et al, 2009), phosphorus (Yang et al, 2006; Mohammed and Rashid, 2012), perchlorates (Makris et al, 2006), fluorides (Sujana et al, 1998) and textile dyes (Chu, 2000) by adsorption or by chemical precipitation. The purpose of this research is to conduct a physicochemical characterization of the sludge obtained from the purification of raw water from a surface stream, using Moringa oleifera seeds as a coagulant; and identify their potential use in agricultural soils vocation. A one-way ANOVA (P-value
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