Estrogen replacement reverses ovariectomy-induced vaginal hyperalgesia in the rat

Abstract

Objectives: The loss of ovarian function in women through aging or oophorectomy is often associated with the development of vaginal hyperalgesia that can be alleviated with estrogen replacement. This study examined if ovariectomy in rats would similarly give rise to vaginal hyperalgesia, and, if so, whether estrogen replacement would alleviate it. Methods: Female rats were trained to perform an operant response to escape vaginal distention delivered by inflating a balloon located in mid-vaginal canal. Percent escape responses to eight different volumes of distention measured in normally cycling rats were compared with measures made in the same rats following ovariectomy (OVX) or sham ovariectomy (shamOVX), and then, in the OVX group, estrogen replacement (OVX+E2). Pressures exerted by the eight volumes on the vaginal wall were also measured, thereby permitting assessment of vaginal tone. Results: Whereas overall escape response percentages after OVX, but not shamOVX, were significantly higher to the largest six distention volumes compared with responses during cycling, there were individual differences in the amount of hyperalgesia. Following OVX+E2, escape response percentages decreased in all but one rat. Vaginal tone after OVX, shamOVX or OVX+E2 did not differ from overall vaginal tone in cycling rats. Conclusions: Ovariectomy in rats evokes a variable amount of vaginal hyperalgesia that can be alleviated by estrogen replacement in most cases. Thus, the ovariectomized rat appears to provide a useful model for the study of mechanisms underlying the dyspareunia that is associated with loss of ovarian function in women.