ERTILITY OF TYPICAL BLACK SOIL UNDER MULTI-YEAR MAIN TILLAGE IN SHORT ROTATION CROP ROTATION

Abstract

In the system of agrotechnical measures aimed at increasing the fertility of chernozems and the productivity of agricultural crops, soil cultivation occupies an important place. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the dependence of the fertility of typical chernozem in short-rotational crop rotation and to establish agrochemical indicators for a long-term system of fertilization and soil cultivation. Applied materials and methods: results of long-term research in a stationary field experiment; analysis, generalization and statistical processing of data from stock and modern literary materials. The results of the study of the application of the main tillage systems on the content of humus, nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium in the black soil typical of the central forest-steppe of Ukraine are presented. It was established that the organic-mineral fertilization system against the background of shallow and shelf-less soil cultivation increases the content of humus in the arable layer by 1.35 and 2.74% (in absolute values). The content of nitrate nitrogen during the seedling period increases in the 0-25 cm layer with shelf-less and differentiated tillage compared to shallow tillage. It was found that with systematic shelf-less tillage, there was no significant decrease in the content of mobile phosphates compared to differentiated soil tillage. A decrease in the content of mobile phosphates in the arable layer during the period of sunflower germination was found under differentiated tillage. The content of exchangeable soil during differentiated tillage had higher indicators during the period of sunflower germination in the arable layer by 24 mg/kg of soil, in the subsoil layer by 8.8 mg/kg of soil compared to the shallow non-shallow soil. A promising direction for further research is the study of the qualitative composition of humus and the migration of phosphates in a meter-long soil layer.