Epidemiology, Detection, and Management of Pancreatic Cancer

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PC (Pancreatic Cancer) is that the fourth most common cause of death due to cancer worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates are increasing year by year worldwide, and this review has analyzed the foremost recent incidence and mortality data for pancreatic cancer occurrence in India. Several possible risk factors are discussed here, involving known established risk factors and novel possible risk factors. The development of this cancer may be a stepwise progression through intraepithelial neoplasia to carcinoma. Though early and accurate diagnosis is promising based on a combination of recent techniques including tumor markers and imaging modalities, lacking early clinical symptoms makes the diagnosis late. Pancreatic cancer is often difficult to diagnose. This is because there are no validated, specific screening tests that can easily and reliably find early-stage pancreatic cancer in people who do not show symptoms. Furthermore, people with pancreatic cancer often do not have clearly identified symptoms in the early stages of the disease. This means it is often not found until later stages when the cancer can no longer be removed with surgery and/or has spread from the pancreas to other parts of the body. Correct staging is critical because treatment is usually based on this parameter. Treatment options have improved throughout the last decades. However, surgical excision remains the first therapy and efficacy of conventional chemo-radiotherapy for PC is limited. Recently, some novel new therapies are developed and can be applied in clinics soon. This review will provide a summary of pancreatic cancer, including an understanding of the developments and controversies.