Environmental safety of soils in conditions of intensive agricultural land use

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For the sustainable functioning of agroecosystems and sustainable food supply of the population, the task of ensuring the ecological safety of soils in the conditions of using intensive technologies for growing agricultural crops is relevant. Purpose.To determine the impact of intensive cultivation of oil crops on agrochemical indicators and environmental indicators of chernozem soils in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical, atomic absorption spectrophotometry method, statistical. Results. The impact of intensive cultivation of oil crops on the seasonal dynamics of the content of biogenic elements (N, P, K) in chernozem soils (using the example of typical chernozems) was determined. A significant decrease in the content of mobile forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in chernozems typical of intensive cultivation of oil crops (sunflower and winter rapeseed) compared to winter wheat was established. It is noted that at higher levels of natural moisture, the intensity of nutrient removal increases for both oilseed crops and winter wheat. A significant increase in the concentrations of mobile forms of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd in chernozem soils when growing oilseed crops was established in comparison with their background concentrations under natural meadows and pastures. When the crop rotation is saturated with winter rapeseed, Cd and Cu accumulate more in the soil, and when sunflower predominates, Pb and Zn. Under conditions of higher moisture, the concentrations of mobile forms of all studied metals in the soil increase. The approach of the average Cd concentrations over the observation period to the normative value indicates a possible danger of accumulation and contamination of soils of field crop rotations with this metal. Conclusions. Growing oilseed crops using intensive technologies poses a threat of soil deterioration from two aspects: a decrease in biogenic elements in the soil and an increase in the risk of soil contamination with heavy metals, especially Cd.