Abstract
Abstract The Special Issue of Land Degradation and Development on “environmental conservation for food production and sustainable livelihood in tropical Africa” holds 14 case studies regarding vegetation cover and physical soil and water conservation in tropical Africa. Studies on forest conservation include varied vegetation types such as Boswellia and Erica forests or fuelwood plantations. Physical soil and water conservation studies in this Special Issue particularly concern on-site effects on soil fertility and off-site effects related to hydro(geomorpho)logy. Last but not least, studies on rates and reasons of adoption of conservation measures by mostly smallholder farmers are presented. Key words : tropical forest, soil and water conservation, adoption of innovations, smallholder farmers, water balance, sediment budget Introduction Whereas, geographically, the tropics contain all regions situated between 23°N and 23°S, we here define it using temperature: regions where the average temperature over the year is higher than 15°C, where intra-annual variability of the day temperature is relatively small, and where no frost occurs. In addition, elevated regions such as “High Africa” (
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