Abstract
In addition to airborne particulate matter (PM), exposure to spray paint PMs (SPPMs) may also be associated with pulmonary dysfunction. In this study, we employed human normal bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to elucidate the association between pulmonary toxicity and different sizes of SPPMs (SPPM10-3.2, SPPM3.2-1 and SPPM1) under realistic environmental concentrations in a spray paint factory. Results indicated that all SPPMs (20–100μg/cm2) induced significant decreases in cell viability (> 70% compared to the control), except for low-dose SPPM10-3.2 (20 and 50μg/cm2). Almost all SPPMs (20μg/cm2 and 100μg/cm2) induced oxidative stress (2–4 times that of the control), which increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines (1.5–4.5 times that of the control) as well as increased α1-antitrypsin expression (3–4.5 times that of the control). Moreover, we found that almost all SPPMs induced pulmonary epithelial barrier dysfunction (0.77–0.11 times that of the control) through the depletion of zonula occludens proteins (0.8–0.65 times that of the control). In conclusion, smaller SPPMs induced more severe adverse pulmonary adverse effects. Exposure to SPPM1 was a potential major risk factor for pulmonary epithelial barrier dysfunction. Our evidence demonstrates that exposure to SPPMs, especially SPPM1, may increase the risk of pulmonary dysfunction.
Published Version
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