Abstract
Present communication aims to inspect the entropy optimization, heat and mass transport in Darcy-Forchheimer nanofluid flow surrounded by a non-linearly stretching surface. Navier-Stokes model based governing equations for non-Newtonian nanofluids having symmetric components in various terms are considered. Non-linear stretching is assumed to be the driving force whereas influence of thermal radiation, Brownian diffusion, dissipation and thermophoresis is considered. Importantly, entropy optimization is performed using second law of thermodynamics. Governing problems are converted into nonlinear ordinary problems (ODEs) using suitably adjusted transformations. RK-45 based built-in shooting mechanism is used to solve the problems. Final outcomes are plotted graphically. In addition to velocity, temperature, concentration and Bejan number, the stream lines, contour graphs and density graphs have been prepared. For their industrial and engineering importance, results for wall-drag force, heat flux (Nusselt) rate and mass flux (Sherwood) rate are also given in tabular data form. Outputs indicate that velocity reduces for Forchheimer number as well as for the porosity factor. However, a rise is noted in temperature distribution for elevated values of thermal radiation. Entropy optimization shows enhancement for larger values of temperature difference ratio. Skin-friction enhances for all relevant parameters involved in momentum equation.
Highlights
Tiny particles having diameter between 1–100 nm are termed nanoparticles
Non-linear stretching has been of utmost importance in fluid flow analysis, the present model comprising the Darcy channel, non-linear stretching sheet and MHD is directly affected by irreversible heat loss phenomena and entropy optimization
We adopted an incompressible, viscous, Darcy–Forchheimer MHD nanofluid convection surrounded by a non-linear stretching surface
Summary
Tiny particles having diameter between 1–100 nm are termed nanoparticles. These particles belong to any suitable class of metals with significant thermo-physical properties. Flow analysis and boundary layers behavior involving a stretching sheet is known as one of the important fluid models to analyze three main profiles in any kind of heat and mass transport mechanism. It is connected with numerous industrial and engineering applications such as paper production, plastic sheet production and extrusion, metallic plates cooling process and similar other procedures (see for example Hu et al [34,35]). Non-linear stretching has been of utmost importance in fluid flow analysis, the present model comprising the Darcy channel, non-linear stretching sheet and MHD is directly affected by irreversible heat loss phenomena and entropy optimization. The main findings are listed in a precise and conclusive manner, especially data tables on Nusselt and Sherwood numbers and skin-friction, which is very helpful in industrial and many other applications of nanofluids
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