ENTHESIS AS AN ORGAN AND ITS PATHOLOGIES

Abstract

Excessive overstrain of the tendon apparatus occurs in athletes and people performing heavy physical work. Untimely treatment, or its complete absence, can lead to the development of severe diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The effectiveness of therapy is influenced by the doctor’s understanding of modern ideas about the pathogenesis of tendinopathy. Purpose. To study and summarize the available literature data on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of tendinopathy. Materials and methods: we conducted a literary review of scientific papers over the past 30 years using the resources of the PubMed and eLibrary search engines. Results. According to the data found, the process of degenerative tendon injury consists of three stages: reactive tendinopathy, tendon injury and degenerative tendinopathy. The speed of the degenerative process is affected by the age and duration of excessive load. Thus, stage 3 tendinopathy can be considered as a breakdown of the adaptive inflammatory-reparative reaction, which developed as a result of inadequate treatment of partial damage to tendon tissues due to a single excessive mechanical impact or regularly recurring microtrauma. Conclusion. The article presents various theories of the structural formation of tendinopathy, which can help in studying the pathomorphogenesis of degenerative changes in the tendon-ligamentous apparatus during its injury or chronic overstrain.