Abstract
Background: In response to global challenges like increasing food demand, climate changeand resource scarcity, there is a critical need for innovative agricultural methods. This study centers on Smart Farming and Precision Agriculture, which integrate technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), roboticsand data analytics. These technologies aim to optimize resource use, improve crop productivityand reduce environmental impact. Precision management, which involves tailoring farm inputs to specific field conditions, is central to this approach and is essential for promoting sustainable agriculture. Methods: This research was conducted over 2 years and 6 months at Amity University Uttar Pradesh, focusing on banana cultivation. The IoT-based system includes an Arduino UNO board, a SIM900 GSM module for data transmissionand a suite of sensors-soil moisture, temperature, humidity, PIR, NPK, pH and raindrop sensors. This configuration enables continuous monitoring and real-time data collection, allowing for informed decisions in farm management. Data is transmitted to a cloud-based platform for aggregation and analysis, enabling timely adjustments in irrigation, fertilizationand crop care based on real-time environmental and soil data. Result: The implementation of this smart farming system led to significant improvements in resource efficiency and crop monitoring. Water usage was reduced by approximately 25%, while fertilizer application decreased by around 30%, maintaining optimal soil pH levels of 5.5-6.5. These adjustments contributed to a 20% increase in crop yield over traditional methods. Remote monitoring allowed for prompt interventions, highlighting the system’s potential for driving sustainable agriculture and addressing food demand challenges through IoT-driven solutions.
Published Version
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