A Review on Advances in IoT-Based Technologies for Smart Agricultural System

Abstract

AbstractAgriculture has a critical role in the overall development of a country. The demand for food is increasing day by day in the terms of quality and quantity, but the significant growth in crop production is comparatively less. Conventional agricultural process faces many difficulties such as dependence on the human power, weather dependency, lack of knowledge and lack of technology. The solution to this problem is the technology-based agricultural industry. The usages of information and communication technologies (ICT) can be a suitable solution for these problems. In Internet of things (IoT)-based system, the physical objects, e.g. sensor nodes, actuators work collaboratively to build a technology-driven system based on information to maximize the crop productivity. In this paper, a comprehensive review of available IoT solution in the areas of the agriculture is presented. Some of the major targeted areas in the agriculture are selected, e.g. soil health monitoring, crop health monitoring, IoT-based smart irrigation and real-time weather forecasting where automation can be implemented. Here, the overall idea along with the state of the art work in these targeted areas has been provided. The IoT-based crop and soil monitoring, automated irrigation system along with real-time weather forecasting can help to reduce wastage by the effective usage of fertilizer, pesticides and water, thereby increasing crop yield. An IoT architecture in smart agricultural model and a schematic model of IoT-based automated smart agricultural system comprising subsystems like soil health monitoring, crop health monitoring, IoT-based smart irrigation and real-time weather forecasting have been presented. The information obtained from these subsystems can be integrated using artificial intelligent (AI) algorithm, and accordingly, the alert can be sent to the farmer’s mobile.KeywordsSmart agricultureIoTSmart irrigationSoil monitoringCrop monitoringReal-time weather forecasting