Abstract
Initial myeloid and lymphoid differentiation of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by appropriate ex vivo- and in vitro-incubation was evaluated. So, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from mouse spleen were ex vivo-incubated in the presence of different interleukins, as well as of various combinations of them. Non-hematopoietic mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) were in vitro-incubated in the presence of GM-CSF and malignant antigens of human cervical carcinoma cells HeLa. Analogically, mouse embryonic fibroblasts from line 3T3 were pre-incubated in the presence of malignant antigens from mouse myeloma cells. Possibilities for derivation of myeloid and lymphoid cells by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cellular progenitors were proposed. The literature ability for production of immune molecules, including membrane glycoprotein receptors and antibodies/immunoglobulins by initial myeloid and lymphoid cells, derived from hematopoietic, as well as by non-hematopoietic cellular progenitors was accepted when appropriate factors are available. Because the produced antibodies are out of the germinative centers of the specialized lymphoid tissues and organs, control of their function is very important, for escape of chronic inflammatory processes. Realistically, this control proved the role of small ions and molecules, by direct and/or indirect influence on different intra- and extra-cellular inter-molecular interactions in various cascade regulatory pathways. Key words: Hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, cellular differentiation, immune molecules, incubation conditions.
Highlights
In immune response, expansion of effector lymphocytes is a critical process for effective defense against pathogens and neoplasm
Efficient NK cell activation and function in response to viral infection or tumor cells is critically dependent on the NKG2D pathway and may help design effective strategies to improve the outcome of cancer therapy (Zhu et al, 2010)
NK cells exert rapid cytolytic activity upon sensing the first signals caused by infection or transformation, and the naturally equipped cytotoxic activity of NK cells may be important for presentation of cellular debris or degraded pathogens to dendritic cells (DCs), which further process them and present antigens to T-lymphocytes
Summary
Expansion of effector lymphocytes is a critical process for effective defense against pathogens and neoplasm. These molecules are recognized by the NK cell activating receptor NKG2D. While IL-18 was discovered in the immune system, it is ubiquitously expressed in hematopoietic cells, and in non-hematopoietic cells, including cardiac myocytes, keratinocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, retinal cells and many endocrine cells, the biological roles of IL18 in the non-hematopoietic cells remain unclarified. This suggests that IL-18 is not merely a cytokine inducer and plays important biological roles, for example, in metabolic homeostasis of various cells. A rapid lymphoid-restricted (T, B- and NK) reconstitution capacity in vivo and completely lacked myeloid differentiation potential of both in vivo and/or in vitro has been reported in stem cells from bone marrow material of adult laboratory mice (Kobari et al, 2000)
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