Abstract
Wild fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. Vulgare) is a perennial aromatic herb. It is native to the Mediterranean region and currently it iscultivated as an annual or perennial herb worldwide. Dried ripe fruits are commonly used plants part for obtaining essential oil. Fruits oil of wild fennel contains many volatile oils, such as α-pinene, phellandrene, p-cymene, fenchone, estragole, anethole and anisaldehyde. Important biological activities of the volatile oil of fennel fruits are hepatoprotective, hypotensive, anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, hypoglycemic, spasmolytic, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and C.N.S activities. Wild fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare) is categorized as rare and endangered in the Egyptian flora due to urban sprawl, especially along northern coastal area and it has turn into a retreat in Egypt. Therefore attempts were made to find in vitro germination of its seeds as well as to explore the ability of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in the produced callus. In order to continue the micropropagation process, transplantation of developed plantlets to the soil was also investigated. This study also looks into the production of different medicinally valuable volatile oils in the formed calluses and micro-propagated plants. Key words: Wild fennel, Foeniculum vulgare, seed germination, callus production, somatic embryogenesis.
Highlights
IntroductionVulgarefamily Apiaceae,is common or bitter fennel, which is known as "shamar" in
Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgarefamily Apiaceae,is common or bitter fennel, which is known as "shamar" inEgypt and this is the official fennel according to the Egyptian pharmacopeia (Egyptian Pharmacopoeia, 1984)
Apiaceae) has become a rare plant in Egyptian flora due to many human activities such as overgrazing and urban sprawl. This situation inspired the authors to carry out this study which focused on different techniques of micropropagation to succeed in making in vitro plant regeneration and this was accompanied with comparing the volatile oil content of fruits of cultivated and wild fennel as well as the aerial parts of the wild fennel to detect differences between them
Summary
Vulgarefamily Apiaceae,is common or bitter fennel, which is known as "shamar" in. Egypt and this is the official fennel according to the Egyptian pharmacopeia (Egyptian Pharmacopoeia, 1984). Important compounds identified in all samples of fennel volatile oils were trans-anethole, estragole, fenchone, limonene, alpha-pinene and gamma-terpinene (Aprotosoaie et al, 2008).
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