Abstract
The frequency and antibiotic resistance of N. gonorrhoeae are increasing worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae in genital swabs. A collaborative cross-sectional study was conducted by a team of Microbiologist, Dermato-Venerologist and Occupational Physician in Bangui, from January 2015 to December 2018. Genital samples were stained by the Gram method, grown on blood agar and the colonies identified according to the biochemical characteristics. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the agar diffusion method from disks. The prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae was 3.2%, more in males (90.5%), unschooled patients (61.1%), those with a history of STIs (56.8%), and female sex workers (p = 0.006) The strains of N. gonorrhoeae isolated were highly resistant to all antibiotics commonly prescribed in proportions from 60.9 to 95.8%. No resistance was observed to Ceftriaxone and Spectinomycin. This study highlights the interest of intensifying the prevention of N. gonorrhoeae infection in female sex workers, of the revision of the protocols of management of the N. gonorrhoeae infection and of a policy to ensure a better availability of new antibiotics selected. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance will be the subject of a characterization study in molecular biology. Key words: N. gonorrhoeae, STI, prevalence, antibiotic resistance, female sex workers, Central African Republic, Africa.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 30.6 million people were infected with N. gonorrhoeae in 2016
Ninety-five (95) strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated by bacteriological examinations of genital samples; the prevalence was 3.2%
The evolution of the number of patients received at the laboratory for the analysis of genital samples is presented in Table 2 with an average of 751 patients and 3.2% isolation of N. gonorrhoeae per year
Summary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 30.6 million people were infected with N. gonorrhoeae in 2016 This number corresponds to a global prevalence of 0.9 and 0.7% respectively in women and men (Kirkcaldy et al, 2019; Rowley et al, 2019). Complications of gonorrhea in women can be the cause of ectopic pregnancies and in both sexes of infertility (Unemo and Shafer, 2014) This high prevalence is associated by an increase in antibiotic resistance, with strains producing βlactamases inactivating 3rd generation cephalosporins (C3G), the last resort for treatment of gonorrhea (WHO, 2016a). The latest work on N. gonorrhoeae dates back to 1980 They already reported an increase in resistance to penicillins and the production of a β-lactamase (Georges et al, 1982). This study aims to determine the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance of N. gonorrhoeae strains isolated from genital swab samples as well as the prevalence of sex workers among them at the National Reference Center of IST and Antiretroviral Therapy in Bangui
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