Abstract
Traditional use of herbal medicines implies substantial historical use, and this is certainly true for many products that are available as ‘traditional herbal medicines. The experimental study was conducted between February and May, 2016 at University of Gondar on antibacterial effect of leaf extract of Pterolobium stellatum. The purpose of the present study was to test the antimicrobial effect of P. stellatum extracted leaves against some standard pathogenic bacteria. The collected plant leave sample was extracted with the solvent ethanol, methanol, chloroform and distilled water. Finally, the antibacterial effect of the extract was tested with some bacteria species (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas species, Salmonella species, Shigella species, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) then the inhibition zone; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The extract of ethanol and methanol solvents showed high anti-bacterial activity on both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. The higher and statistically significant (P<0.05) inhibition was seen in ethanol extract for all bacteria and the highest inhibition was shown against Shigella spp. (21.33±1.52) whilst the lower inhibition was statistically significant (P<0.05) with chloroform extract. Both the MIC and MBC of the test extract were effective at the lowest concentration. Key words: Antibacterial, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), Pterolobium stellatum, sensitivity test.
Highlights
Pathogenic microorganism borne illnesses are a continuous threat to public health (Yashphe et al, 2006; Araujo et al, 2015)
Antimicrobial activity of P. stellatum leaves extract was evaluated based on the diameter of clear inhibition zone in millimeters
Higher inhibition was seen in ethanol extract for all bacteria: S. pyogenes (20.67±0.57), E. coli (18.67±1.15), S. aureus (19.67±0.57), Pseudomonas spp. (19.33±1.15), Salmonella spp. (20.33±0.57) and the highest inhibition was seen against Shigella spp. (21.33±1.52) and the lower inhibition was with chloroform extract (8.67±1.15), (8.33±1.52), (8±2), (8.67±1.3), respectively and with Shigella spp. (6.33±0.57) except Salmonella (9.67±0.57) which was in distilled water (Figure 1)
Summary
Pathogenic microorganism borne illnesses are a continuous threat to public health (Yashphe et al, 2006; Araujo et al, 2015). Bacterial species present the genetic ability to acquire and transmit resistance against currently available anti-bacterial since there are frequent reports on the isolation of bacteria that are known to be sensitive to routinely used drugs and became multi-resistant to other medications available on the market (Chandra, 2013; Kouadio et al, 2020). Antimicrobial resistance is a challenge of microorganism against an antimicrobial drug. Various bacteria have developed resistance to certain antibiotics, and other forms of bactericidal agents are required (Oussalah et al, 2006; Kadaikunnan et al, 2015)
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