Abstract
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Thirty three bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of C. colocynthis revealed the existence of the methyl 6-oxoheptanoate, hexanoic acid, 2-isopropyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-, methyl ester, dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy, benzofuran,2,3-dihydro, 1,1-Cyclopropanedimethanol, 2-methyl-α-phenyl, 1,1-cyclopropanedimethanol, 2-methyl-α-phenyl, 12,15-octadecadiynoic acid, methyl ester, (5s)pregnane-3,20s-diol, 14α,18α-[4-methyl-3-oxo-(1-oxa-4-azabutan, 3-(N,N-dimethyllaurylammonio)propanesulfonate, 2H-1-benzopyran-3,4-diol,2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,4dihydro-6-met, 11,13-dihydroxy-tetradec-5-ynoic acid, methyl ester, Cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2]cycloheptan-3(3aH)-one,1,2,3b,6,7, 4-(2,4,4-trimethyl-cyclohexa-1,5-dienyl)-but-3-en-2-one, 1-tetradecanamine,N,N-dimethyl, α-D-glucopyranoside, O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,fwdarw.3)-s-D-fructo, acetamide, N-methyl-N-[4-(3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-2-butynyl]-, 9-octadecenamide,(z)-, butyrophenone,2´,3,4´,6´-tetramethyl-, ethyl 5,8,11,14,-eicosatetraenoate, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 2,3,-dihydroxypropyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)-, 1H-cyclopropa[3,4]benz[1,2-e]ezulene -5,7b,9,9a 476.241018tetrol,1a,1b,4,4a, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 9,10-Secocholesta -5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25,-triol,(3s,5Z,7E)-, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid,2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)-, triazido-(1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-2,4-dienyl)-german, ethyl iso-allocholate, α-N-Normethadol, Octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, phthalic acid , decyl oct-3-yl ester, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid , bis(8-methylnonyl)ester, phthalic acid, di(6-ethyl-3-octyl)ester, y-tocopherol, 1,4-ethanonaphthalene -6,9(4H)-dione,1,4a,5,8a-tetrahydro-4,5,7,10 and vitamin E. Methanolic extract of bioactive compounds of C. colocynthis was assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, P. mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia by using the diffusion method in agar. The zone of inhibition was compared with different standard antibiotics. The diameters of inhibition zones ranged from 4.91±0.260 to 1.03±0.200 mm for all treatments. Key words: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, phytochemicals, Citrullus colocynthis.
Highlights
Secondary metabolites play an important role as source of new compounds in pharmaceutical industry and need special consideration
Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences among the means were determined for significance at P < 0.05 using Duncan’s multiple range test Version 9.1 (Jasim et al, 2015)
Chromatogram GC-MS analysis of the methanol extract of C. colocynthis showed the presence of twenty major peaks and the components corresponding to the peaks were determined as follows: the first set up peak was determined to be methyl 6oxoheptanoate (Figure 2)
Summary
Secondary metabolites play an important role as source of new compounds in pharmaceutical industry and need special consideration. Citrullus colocynthis is the plant which produces colocynth apples and is very similar to the common watermelon vine. The plant bears solitary sterile flowers and branched tendrils. It has a large, fleshy perennial root, which sends out slender, tough, angular, scabrid vine-like stems. Colocynthin is soluble in water and alcohol, but insoluble in benzol, benzin, carbon disulfide and ether. Dilute acids resolve it into dextrose and tasteless colocynthein, acetic acid being likewise formed (Delazar et al, 2006). Walz obtained from an alcoholic extract of colocynth, an ethersoluble crystalline and tasteless substance insoluble in water, which he called colocynthin (Memon et al, 2003)
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