English

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of congenital malformation, to diagnose congenital malformations by USG in antenatal period as early as possible and to find out the cause and associated factors affecting congenital malformation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted for one year in the department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rajindra Hospital Patiala. All cases whether detected antenatally or at the time of birth were taken. The diagnosis was made by USG in antenatal cases and at the time of delivery in those cases who have no previous USG reports or antenatal checkups. RESULTS: There were total 900 deliveries, out of which 831 were live born and 69 were still born. Congenital malformations were present in 62 cases out of which 23 were live born, 29 were still births and there were 10 cases of abortion. The overall incidence of congenital malformations in the present study was 68.89/1000 births (6.889%).Out of total 62 cases of congenital malformations, CNS malformations were found to be the most common (66.13%), followed by musculoskeletal system (24.19%). In the present study USG was found to be a good method of screening of congenital malformations with high specificity (100%) and sensitivity (73.21%). The PPV was 100% and NPV was 98.01%. The percentage of false positive results was 0% but that of false negative was 26.78%. CONCLUSION: Ignorance, illiteracy and unawareness about the availability of USG, lack of adequate antenatal checkups is the main cause of late diagnosis of congenital malformations. Best effort should be put in to make the diagnosis of congenital malformations early so that referral can be made at the earliest for early intervention and planned