A Study on Incidence of Various Systemic Congenital Malformations at Birth in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Western Rajasthan

Abstract

ABSTRACT Aims To study the overall incidence, proportion, and type of congenital malformations in newborns and immediate outcome of anomalous neonates. Materials and methods The present study was an observational study. It was carried out between January 2012 to July 2013 among patients admitted to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, PBM Hospital, Bikaner. Results We found that the maximum number of mothers was in the age group of 21 to 25 years (44.9%). Central nervous system (CNS) was the most common anomaly (53.3%), followed by gastrointestinal (GIT) anomaly (13.2%). All three anomalies of respiratory system were diaphragmatic hernia. There were totally 35.7% mothers who had consanguinity. Accuracy of ultrasonography was 71.4%. Out of 167 deliveries, 85 babies were live birth, 79 were still birth, and 3 abortions, in that 92 (55.1%) cases were males while 71 (42.5%) babies were females, and 4 (2.4%) ambiguous genitalia. Maximum number of babies (40.1%) had their birth weight between1.5 and 2.50 kg, while 30.6% babies had their birth weight < 1.5 kg, and 29.3% had their birth weight > 2.5 kg. Conclusion The overall incidence of congenital malformation in our study was 1.23%. The most common anomaly was of CNS (53.3%), followed by GIT (13.2%); multiple system (10.2%); musculoskeletal (9%); urogenital (4.8%); respiratory (4.8%); and central venous system (1.25%). Consanguinity (35.3%) was a common associated factor in this study. Clinical significance These patients need good counseling, balanced diet with folic acid supplementation, treatment of precipitating factors, regular follow-up in subsequent pregnancies, early screening for congenital malformations, and early termination if an anomaly is present. How to cite this article Verma SV, Sehra RN. A Study on Incidence of Various Systemic Congenital Malformations at Birth in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Western Rajasthan. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(4):309-313.